The Early Stuarts

2. The Early Stuarts • Elizabeth I dies after a 45 year reign without an heir in 1603. • James I, son of Mary Stuart, the first Stuart king clashes with Parliament over money and foreign policy. • James wanted to rule like an absolute monarch. • He created new sources of revenue, poundage and tonnage. • James I also has problems with Catholics and Puritans.

4. James I and the Puritans • James I refused to change the Anglican church to please the Calvinist Puritans. • James did appoint a commission to create a new translation of the bible. The King James bible was completed in 1611. • James thought that people should be able to play sports on Sunday which made the Puritans angry. • During James’ reign the Pilgrims or Separatists left for New England and founded Plymouth in 1620. • James also had a favorite, the Duke of Buckingham, who may have been James’ lover.

7. Charles I becomes King • At the end of James I’s reign England was at war with Spain. • Charles I resorted to extreme measures to raise funds. A forced loan , and quartering troops in houses. Parliament forced Charles I to sign the Petition of Right and limited his power. • Buckingham still holding power is assassinated. • Charles I dissolves Parliament in 1629 until 1640. • Charles I angered the Puritans with Anglican services, and peace with Spain and France. • The Star Chamber and Ship money, raise funds. • The Scots rebel after the new Anglican prayer book is forced on them. Charles I summons Parliament in 1640, it will be called the Long Parliament.

9. The English Civil War • The Puritans controlled the House of Commons. They didn’t like Charles I. • The Puritans revoked the kings power to dissolve Parliament and executed his ministers. • The Irish rebel in 1641. • Charles attempts to arrest Parliament, but they escape. • The Civil War begins in 1642.

11. The English Civil War 1642-1649 • The kings supporters were called Cavaliers or royalists • Puritans were called roundheads or those that supported Parliament. • The leader of the Puritan army was Oliver Cromwell. He created the New Model Army. • The king fled to Scotland and was handed over to the roundheads in 1647. He was executed in 1649. • The power of the king was limited in England, by Parliament.

15. The Kingless Decade ( The Protectorate) • Parliament abolishes the monarchy and establishes a Commonwealth. • Cromwell and his army lead the new republic against numerous enemies. • The Irish Catholics were defeated, the Scots were defeated. Charles II was forced to hide in a tree for a night. • The Levellers wanted the poor to have a say in government. They were defeated. • Cromwell becomes Lord Protector in 1653.

17. The Commonwealth and Puritanism • During the period of the Commonwealth theatre and drama were banned, taverns were closed, bear baiting and gambling was stopped. • On Sunday’s everything was closed, but church. • Puritans considered schools important because everyone should read the bible. • Women were important as wives and mothers. Women must look plain and dress plainly. • Puritan thinking the basis of U.S. culture.

19. The Stuart Restoration 1660-1688 • Charles II was invited back to England to rule in 1660 and signed the Petition of Right. • Charles II practiced religious toleration. • Charles II believed in absolute rule and became a Catholic on his death bed. • Charles’ II brother, James II becomes king in 1685. He was openly Catholic and an absolute ruler. • William and Mary become rulers in 1688.

21. The Glorious Revolution • William III and Mary II landed in 1668, James II fled to France. • William and Mary had to sign the Bill of Rights before becoming king and queen. • The Bill of Rights said Parliament had power over the king. The House of Commons had the “ power of the purse.” • England became a limited monarchy. • The Bill of Rights also sated that no person could be held in jail unless charged. (habeas corpus)