WORKING WITH THE MILITARY UN CIMIC, 22 Feb 01

1. WORKING WITH THE MILITARY UN CIMIC, 22 Feb 01

2. Overview • Background • Organization • Operations

3. BACKGROUND • Culture • Chain of Command • Mission • ROE • Meetings

4. Military Culture • “Chain-of-Command” pyramid organization • Accustomed to making decisions and taking action • Mission and plan oriented, with stated objectives and end state • Strict Rules of Engagement • Establish a “Daily Battle Rhythm”

5. Chain of Command • The US Department of Defense receives direction from National Command Authority (NCA) • The NCA is the President of the United States and Secretary of Defense • Constitutional authority to direct the Armed Forces of the US

6. Chain of Command • NCA direction is passed to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) • Consists of the Chairman and the chiefs of staffs of the services (Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force) • The Chairman directs commanders of various areas of responsibility(AOR)to carry out operational activities

7. Chain of Command • Each AOR headed by a Commander-in-Chief (CINC) • CINC is a geographic area commander at the admiral or general officer level • US military divides the world up into five geographic AORs, they are: • Atlantic Command (ACOM) • European Command (EUCOM)

8. Chain of Command • Pacific Command (PACOM) • Central Command (CENTCOM) • Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) • Non-Geographic Commands • Special Operations Command (SOCOM)-Special Forces, Civil Affairs, and Psychological Operations • Transportation Command (TRANSCOM)- unified command for providing management of all surface/air/sea lift

9. Mission • Mission stated as part of a Plan • Two basic forms • Military tries to avoid “Mission Creep” • Unplanned additional missions • Major priority will be “Force Protection” • Security program designed to protect the operation--soldiers, civilian employees, facilities, and equipment • Implementation of the program could affect military involvement in relief activities

10. Rules of Engagement • Every military operation will have “Rules of Engagement” (ROE) • Delineate the circumstances and limitations under which the military will operate • ROE could have significant impact on disaster relief operations, affecting freedom of movement, security, logistics

11. Meetings • Timeliness • Highly structured • Decision oriented • Organizational representatives are expected to be knowledgeable and able to make decisions

12. ORGANIZATION • CINC Actions • HAST • JTF Establishment • Deployment

13. CINC ACTIONS • CINCs are responsible for all US military operations within their AOR • Have legal authority to take unilateral action for a humanitarian relief situation • Usually involves sudden onset disasters, with a disaster declaration • However, since CINC absorbs the costs, response is usually limited until receipt of NCA guidance (funding)

14. Humanitarian Assistance Survey Team (HAST) • CINCs have developed a HAST to assess conditions after a disaster and evaluate missions for military forces. They focus on: • Potential military support to the relief effort • Logistics support requirements

15. Joint Task Force (JTF) • The CINC typically sets up a JTF for the field management of large military activities • JTF is established when: • Mission involves two or more military services on a significant scale • Requires close integration of effort to meet specific military objectives

16. JTF • The JTF Commander reports to the CINC • Six main JTF command staff designations: • J-1 Administration (internal personnel issues) • J-2 Intelligence (reports and classified info) • J-3 Operations (current operations) • J-4 Logistics (internal/disaster victim support) • J-5 Plans • J-6 Communications

17. Deployment • Deployment comes with comparatively large personnel and support packages • Support is designed to make the military as self-sustaining and self-reliant as possible • Support systems can be made available to humanitarians • Support level is frequently higher than humanitarians experience

18. OPERATIONS • Civil Military Operations Center • Coordination Issues

19. Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC) • Humanitarians work most often with the JTF through the CMOC, which normally functions under the J-3 • Coordinates the US/multinational force’s humanitarian operations with those of international and local relief agencies, and with affected country authorities • May have more than one CMOC

20. CMOC • Coordinate humanitarian requests for support • Convene ad hoc mission planning groups • Provide JTF operations and general security information to humanitarians • Assist in the creation/operation of logistics systems • Coordinate airlift/sealift operations • Weather, comms and other support possible

21. Coordination • Reluctance to share information about planned activities due to security and force protection concerns • Expect detailed information on civilian activities • Positive reaction to efficiency, organization, acceptance of responsibility

22. Coordination Issues • Differing mandates/mission statements • Different organizational structures • Varying management approaches • Different geographic responsibilities • Vocabulary/terminology differences • Differing operational procedures • Humanitarian support requirements • Classification concerns

23. Summary • Background • Organization • Operations

24. THE END