Five Stages of Drug Regulation

1. Drug Policy in World Historical Perspective:The Five Stages of RegulationDavid T. Courtwrightdcourtwr@unf.eduSecond Annual Conference International Society for the Study of Drug PolicyLisbon, Portugal, April 3, 2008

2. Five Stages of Drug Regulation 1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. 2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries. 3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. 4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth century. 5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century to the present.

6. Five Stages of Drug Regulation 1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. 2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries. 3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. 4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth century. 5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century to the present.

9. Five Stages of Drug Regulation 1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. 2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries. 3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. 4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth century. 5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century to the present.

12. Five Stages of Drug Regulation 1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. 2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries. 3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. 4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth century. 5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century to the present.

13. Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use thatIncrease the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibitionand Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction” Group Survival Deviant Associations Direct Harm to Self and Others Sinful Conduct Social Costs

14. Bad Husband

15. Mortality among physicians in Natchez, Mississippi, 1823-1853 Temperate physicians 28 of 37 still alive in 1853 Intemperate physicians 3 of 25 still alive in 1853 “They believed in the hygienic virtues of alcoholic drinks, and taught that doctrine by precept and example.” -- Samuel A. Cartwright, M.D.

16. Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use thatIncrease the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibitionand Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction” Group Survival Deviant Associations Direct Harm to Self and Others Sinful Conduct SocialCosts

19. Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use thatIncrease the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibitionand Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction” Group Survival Deviant Associations Direct Harm to Self and Others Sinful Conduct Social Costs

22. Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use thatIncrease the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibitionand Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction” Group Survival Deviant Associations Direct Harm to Self and Others Sinful Conduct Social Costs

23. Opium Smoker

24. Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use thatIncrease the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibitionand Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction” Group Survival Deviant Associations Direct Harm to Self and Others Sinful Conduct Social Costs

25. Dope Menace Cartoon

26. Five Stages of Drug Regulation 1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. 2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries. 3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. 4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth century. 5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century to the present.

31. Five Stages of Drug Regulation 1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. 2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries. 3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. 4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth century. 5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century to the present.

32. “Mr. ATOD’s Wild Ride”

36. Drug Policy in World Historical Perspective:The Five Stages of RegulationDavid T. Courtwrightdcourtwr@unf.eduSecond Annual Conference International Society for the Study of Drug PolicyLisbon, Portugal, April 3, 2008