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US – China Symposium on Industry Participation in Standardization 30 May 2007

Global Standards for Technology that Changes Rapidly. Fuel Cell Vehicles. US – China Symposium on Industry Participation in Standardization 30 May 2007. Dr. Christine Sloane. Experience with Development of Standards Fuel Cell Vehicles. What is Different?.

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US – China Symposium on Industry Participation in Standardization 30 May 2007

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  1. Global Standards for Technology that Changes Rapidly Fuel Cell Vehicles US – China Symposium on Industry Participation in Standardization 30 May 2007 Dr. Christine Sloane

  2. Experience with Development of Standards Fuel Cell Vehicles What is Different? • Development of Standards is ahead of the product being ready for the marketplace • minor vested commercial interests • easier to seek efficient requirements & measures • Global companies are developing the technology • interest in global products, not national protections • interest in technology-neutral standards to allow rapid use of changes/advances in technology • Nations with major technology investments recognize benefit of global markets • opportunity to change from history of different national requirements to efficient global standards • linked to compelling global drivers

  3. Potential Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards & Rulemaking Demo Cars Can we do it? Pre-Commercial Is it viable? Production Concept Cars Is it real? # vehicles worldwide 100s 10s 1000s Critical mass Guidelines & Best Practices technology advances & evaluation Interim Specs Industry Standards validation & experience SAE ISO Rule Making UN ECE US-NHTSA EU nations UN GTR Regulations commercial feasibility

  4. The lead forum for development of global vehicle standards for Fuel Cell Vehicles is SAE International • Participation based on level of expertise & experience (not nationality) • Strong participation by component suppliers and vehicle manufacturers with fuel cell vehicles in global demonstration fleets • Strong participation by Japan, US & EU • Global experts convene on frequent & adjustable work schedules • Work groups accommodate teleconferencing • Harmonization with ISO is accomplished by people with joint membership who ensure consideration of common information for a data-driven basis for requirements • Open to participation by experts from China

  5. Activity in Codes & Standards Development For Fuel Cell Vehicles • SAE-- vehicles • Fuel Cell Standards Committee • FCV Safety Work Group • FCV Performance Work Group • FCV Interface (fueling) Work Group Facilities (fueling stations, repair & service • ISO – vehicles & facilities • TC 197 Hydrogen Technologies • TC 22/ SC 21 Electric Vehicles • ISO TAGs (National voting Tech Advisory Groups) NFPA (fueling stations & repair) ICC (fueling stations & repair) CSA (dispensers) United Nations-ECE WP 29 GRSP Work Group

  6. FCV Technical Committees in SAE Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards Committee Published Drafting SAE document Safety WG Vehicle safety J2578 Fuel system safety J2579 Electrical safety J1766 S/V Interface WG 35MPa Receptacle & Nozzle J2600 70MPa Receptacle & Nozzle J2799 Fueling Protocol J2601 Hydrogen fuel quality J2719 Performance WG Fuel cell system J2615 Fuel processor J2616 Fuel cell stack J2617 Fuel cell stack durability J2722 Emission & fuel consumption J2572 Recyclability J2594

  7. FCV Technical Committees in ISO Published Drafting ISO 23272-1,2,3 WI 23828-1 WI 23829-1 ISO 13984 ISO/TS 14687 ISO/TR 15916 DIS 13985 ISO 17268 DIS 15869 Electric Road Vehicles TC22/SC21 Hydrogen Technologies TC197 Vehicle safety FCHEV consumption CGH FCV consumption CGH Liquid-H2 fueling interface Hydrogen fuel spec H2 system safety guidelines Liquid-H2 storage Compressed-H2 fueling interface Compressed-H2 storage (H2 & electrical)

  8. SAE J2600 Fueling Connectors 700 bar & liq SAE 2579 Hydrogen Fuel Handling & Storage Systems SAE J2600 Compressed Hydrogen Fueling Connectors ISO 13894 LH storage 15869 CGH storage ISO 17268 SAE J2572 Exhaust Emissions Recommended practice SAE J2594 Fuel Cell Recyclability SAE J2601 Compressed Hydrogen Fueling Communication SAE J2615 Performance Test for Fuel Cell Systems Corresponding ISO Standards DOT/NHTSA FC Vehicle Regulations ISO 15916 & 23273-1&2 DOT/NHTSA Crashworthiness Of HFCV SAE J2578 Vehicle Safety SAE J2616 Performance Test for Fuel Processor Systems EPA Emissions SAE J2617 Performance Test for PEM Fuel Cell Stacks NFPA52 Fuel Systems in Fuel Stations SAE 1766 Electrical System Crash Integrity ISO 23273-3 Status of Codes and Standards for Hydrogen-fueled Vehicles No activity In progress Published SAE J2578 700bar & liq

  9. Strengths of a Global Forum of Technical Experts for Development of Efficient Standards • Expertise • -- participation by developers of the technology • (who know it best & are accountable for performance) • Focus on Customer Satisfaction • -- public confidence in performance & safety • Focus on flexibility for continual innovation & minimum cost

  10. Critical Elements of Efficient Standards? • Public safety • Commercial feasibility

  11. Two Types of Safety Standards • Performance Standards • Performance & safety are verified by (destructive) testing under extremes of real-world conditions • Applied to mass production – mobile products cars • New technologies can qualify without change in standards -- allows rapid use of new technologies • Prescriptive Standards • Performance & Safety are predicted based on history (established materials & constructions) fueling stations • Applied to individual or low volume builds • Applied to interfaces between applications

  12. Two Types of Safety Standards Examples • Performance Standard • Fuel is not leaked after vehicle crashes • sealings, materials & construction • of fuel system are not specified • Prescriptive Standard • Fueling nozzle diameter & sealing are specified

  13. What do we want from Codes & Standards? -- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe • Public safety • Commercial feasibility

  14. What do we want from Codes & Standards? -- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe • Commercial feasibility • Rapid intro of technology • Infrastructure compatibility • International consistency

  15. Risk:premature & prescriptive standards slow advances Solution:performance standards What do we want from Codes & Standards? -- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe • Commercial feasibility -- rapid introduction of new technology • Performance standards allow use of new technologies (materials, constructions, designs) without rewriting early standards • New technologies required to demonstrate safe performance

  16. Example: Compressed Hydrogen Storage A key challenge for fuel cell vehicles is the development of more efficient and lower cost hydrogen storage Therefore, commercial feasibility requires rapid implementation of new storage technologies • Commercialization will be delayed for years if insertion of new storage technologies into vehicles must wait for revision of Standards and regulations • Therefore, it is critically important that storage standards are performance-based so new technologies can qualify rapidly for use in vehicles

  17. Framework for Comprehensive Performance-based Safety Requirements for Onboard Hydrogen Storage Bonfire Localized fire Service-terminating stress (managed release) Cumulative extremes of lifetime stresses (full function and no leakage) Environmental exposure Parking Fueling Impact / Penetration • temperature • cuts & abrasions • chemicals • full-fill pressure cycles • rapid drive defueling • static pressure • temperature

  18. Storage Standard Currently Under Development Requires demonstration of safe performance under cumulative extremes of potential use • regardless of materials used • regardless of method of construction • explicit linkage to extremes of potential use & exposure Significant change from type of storage standard used for CNG vehicles to move to performance basis

  19. What do we want from Codes & Standards? -- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe • Commercial feasibility • Rapid intro of technology • Performance standards for safe function • Infrastructure compatibility • International consistency

  20. United Nations Global Technical Regulations for Fuel Cell Vehicles Globally consistent regulations are critically important • Time to be commercial • -- meeting separate requirements per country dilutes effort • 2. Cost --economy of scale • Cost is a challenge for fuel cell vehicles • Low volume vehicles face added costs • Volumes can be raised by deployment across globe • This requires regional and global harmonization • of standards

  21. Participants in the UN GTR process can assist by: • working for standards based on performance • resisting pressures to individually establish premature (prescriptive) requirements China is a Participant In the Global Harmonization of Fuel Cell Vehicle Standards • China is a signature party to the 1998 Agreement under the UN ECE, which establishes the framework for UN Global Technical Regulations • Development of regulations for fuel cell vehicles as Global Technical Regulations is the pathway to globally harmonized regulations • SAE International and ISO are open to participation by experts from China

  22. Moving Toward Codes & Standards for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles The End Thank you Christine Sloane

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