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Endocrine System

03 Nov. 2008. Endocrine-System.ppt. 2. Endocrine System. Odd organ systemCompare to nervous sys., digestive sys.Endocrine glands usually not connectedConsidered a ?system" because of functional similarity. 03 Nov. 2008. Endocrine-System.ppt. 3. Endocrine System. Endocrine glandsMasses of epithelial tissueCells secrete into interstitial spaces,Secretions (hormones) diffuse into bloodNo ducts!Contrast to exocrine glands.

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Endocrine System

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    1. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 1 Endocrine System “Raging Hormones!”

    2. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 2 Endocrine System Odd organ system Compare to nervous sys., digestive sys. Endocrine glands usually not connected Considered a “system” because of functional similarity

    3. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 3 Endocrine System Endocrine glands Masses of epithelial tissue Cells secrete into interstitial spaces, Secretions (hormones) diffuse into blood No ducts! Contrast to exocrine glands

    4. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 4 Endocrine System “Hormone” Chemical messenger secreted into blood and carried to “target cells” where it alters activity. Other chemical messengers Autocrines Paracrines

    5. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 5 Hormones 3-4 Chemical groups Steroids Biogenic amines Peptides Eicosanoids Mostly paracrines Leukotrienes Prostaglandins

    6. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 6 Hormones Steroids Derivatives of cholesterol Four covalently-bonded rings Adrenal cortex Gonads

    7. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 7 Hormones Biogenic amines Derivatives of tyrosine, an amino acid Thyroid hormones Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Adrenal medulla Epinephrine Norepinephrine Usually neurotransmitter

    8. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 8 Hormones Peptides “Chains” of amino acids 4 – 200+ amino acids Hypothalamus Pituitary (Ant. & Post.) Islets of Langerhans Parathyroid hormone Digestive system hormones

    9. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 9 Mechanisms of Hormone Action Lipid-soluble steroids & thyroid hormones Diffuse through plasma membrane Enter nucleus Forms “hormone-receptor complex” H-R complex binds to chromosome to activate/inactivate gene(s)

    10. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 10 Mechanisms of Hormone Action Peptides & water-soluble amines Hormone (A) binds to receptor on cell surface Activates G- protein Activates adenylate cyclase Converts ATP to cAMP cAMP activates protein kinases, which produce final effect.

    11. 03 Nov. 2008 Endocrine-System.ppt 11 Mechanisms of Hormone Action Peptides & water-soluble amines Other Hormone (B) binds to receptor on cell surface Activates G- protein Inhibits adenylate cyclase Stops ATP to cAMP ? inhibits final effect of first hormone

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