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The “Roaring” Twenties. AP U.S. History. Post WWI-Consumerism. Higher wages Fewer Work Hours Stock Market Investment Spending more Washing Machines Ford Model T’s. “Fordism”. Assembly line increases efficiency 10x allowing deep price cuts to car. $780 in 1910 to $360 in 1914
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The “Roaring” Twenties AP U.S. History
Post WWI-Consumerism • Higher wages • Fewer Work Hours • Stock Market Investment • Spending more • Washing Machines • Ford Model T’s
“Fordism” • Assembly line increases efficiency 10x allowing deep price cuts to car. • $780 in 1910 to $360 in 1914 • Control the flow of production • Less skilled labor
Post WWI-Problems • Economic disruption for industrial workers • Reduce income for farmers (lower demand) • Renewed racism against African-Americans and foreign immigrants.
President Warren Harding • “Return to Normalcy” • Republican • Pro-business • One Term 1921 • Marked by corruption and scandal. • Teapot Dome • Leased Navy oil reserves in WY to Sinclair Oil
President “Silent Cal” Coolidge • VP to Harding. • Repaired the damage of the Harding administrations scandals. • Re-elected in 1924
President Herbert Hoover • Becomes president during prosperity 1928. • Cannot control economy after stock market crash. • Invests more into businesses.
Growth & Expansion • 1.)Machines, 2.)Factories & 3.) Standardized mass production lead to unprecedented growth. • These factors created a self-perpetuating cycle: • Standardized mass production led to • Better machinery in factories, which led to • Higher production and higher wages, which led to • More demand for consumer goods • Which led back to more standardized mass production.
Sources of Economic Boom • Effect of WWI on technology. • More efficient methods of production. • The War stimulated a number of old industries • Petroleum and steel • Create new industries: plastic and rayon. • Money spent on new machinery for industry • 1915: $600 million • 1918: $2.5 billion.
Sources of Economic Boom • Scientific management: Tasks broken down in details • Rapid increase in worker productivity • Psychology of consumption • Relations between the federal government and big business
Prohibition 18th Amendment: manufacture, sales, and transportation became illegal Hard to enforce: Created the Volstead Act to employ enforcers Evangelical Protestants supported Supported by women’s temperance movement Dry states supported: citizens were going to wet states
Prohibition • Mass breaking of the law • “Speakeasies” • Rise of organized crime • Al Capone • Repealed with 21st amendment
Culture • Movies • 1914: 18,ooo theaters • Paramount, MGM, Universal, Warner Bro. • Jazz Singer: 1927 • First “Talkie” • Radio • Music, talks by college pro., church services, news, weather • Advertisements • NBC, CBS: Comedy programming
Flappers Portrayed on screen, novels, press Young, sexually aggressive woman Bobbed hair, rouged cheeks, short skirts Loved jazz, smoked, drank bootleg liquor Female & Male morals becoming very similar
Harlem Renaissance Outpouring of African American artistic and literacy creativity Flourished in the 1920s Brought an appreciation for African American artistic accomplishments
Langston Hughes- I too, sing America I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen,“ Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed— I, too, am America
“Monkey” Trial • Growing # of religious fundamentalist • Literal meaning of Bible • 1925: 5 Southern states restricted teaching of evolution • John T. Scopes: Biology teacher in TN • Broke law and taught evolution
“Monkey” Trial • Scopes brought to trial • Attorneys from ACLU • Prosecution: William Jennings Bryan • Thousands of reporters broadcasting nationwide • Scopes convicted but later overthrown • Bryan died a week after the trial • Laws didn’t change, but all prosecution stopped
