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Objective:

Objective:. Today we will Design & carry out a maze experiment together So that we will be able to Design investigations using independent, dependent, and controlled variables. Design a control group for comparison, when appropriate. Bell Work:. On a post-it note, please list

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Objective:

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  1. Objective: • Today we will • Design & carry out a maze experiment together • So that we will be able to • Design investigations using independent, dependent, and controlled variables. • Design a control group for comparison, when appropriate.

  2. Bell Work: On a post-it note, please list the parts of the “Scientific Method.”

  3. The “Scientific Method” • Identify a question • Gather information • State a hypothesis • Design and conduct an investigation 5. Collect and analyze data 6. Draw conclusions 7. Communicate results

  4. Background Information: Maze studies have been used in psychology research since the early 1900’s as a way to measure an animal’s ability to learn and remember.

  5. Background Information: For example: Does getting a reward (like cheese!) help a rat learn faster? For more info about maze studies, check out www.ratbehavior.org/RatsAndMazes.htm

  6. Today: We’re going to design & carry out a maze experiment together! Step 1: When I say “go,” complete the maze in front of you as fast as you can. Write your name and the time you finished on the top.

  7. Brainstorm What factors might affect how long it takes you to do a maze?

  8. Design Your Investigation: Please answer the questions in the first TWO columns to help you plan your investigation! 5 Minutes

  9. Carry Out Your Investigation: • Carryout your investigation & record your results. (10 Minutes) • State your conclusion in 1-2 sentences. (5 Minutes)

  10. Control Run: • Completing the maze under normal conditions (before we change any variables) is your “control run.” • The Control Run (or Control Group) shows what would have happened under normal conditions, before any variables are changed. • After the experiment, we can compare our experimental results to our controlled results to see if the changes we made in the experiment had any effect.

  11. Variables: Variable = Anything that can CHANGEin an experiment. • Examples: • What type/color pen we used • The amount of noise in the room • Which person completed the maze • How difficult the maze was • How long it took to complete • Etc….

  12. There are 3 Types of Variables: • Independent Variable (IV) = The thing that the scientist changes. • Dependent Variable (DV) = The thing that changes because of the IV. (This is almost always the thing that the scientist measures!) • Controlled Variables (CV) = The things that the scientist keeps from changing/holds constant so that they don’t affect the results.

  13. Variables: What were your IV, DV, & CVs? • Examples: • What type/color pen we used • The amount of noise in the room • Which person completed the maze • How difficult the maze was • How long in took to complete • Etc….

  14. You should always have ONLY 1 IV and 1 DV because you are looking for a cause – effect relationship.

  15. Hypothesis • A possible explanation (or prediction) developed by the scientist that helps to guide his/her investigation. Example: Jocote Fences in Central America

  16. Analysis: Based on what you’ve just learned about designing a scientific investigation, write 2-3 sentences analyzing your investigation. Address questions like: • How confident are you in your results? • What would make you more/less confident? • If you could redo your investigation, is there anything you would change about the design? • What would a logical follow-up investigation be?

  17. Analysis: By completing the same maze more than once, you introduced another variable, which likely affected the time required to complete the maze. What is that variable? Challenge: How would you eliminate this variable? Explain.

  18. Practice

  19. Please underline the IV, circle the DVand list at least 3 CVs: Sandra is doing an experiment about fish. She wants to know if fish that live in polluted water have more harmful chemicals in their bodies. She sets up several different aquariums – some have polluted water and some have clean water. She puts one fish in each aquarium. After 1 year, she tests the fish to see how many harmful chemicals they have in their bodies.

  20. Please underline the IV, circle the DVand list at least 3 CVs: Eric is studying athletes. He wants to know if athletes who take extra protein after lifting weights build more muscle than those who eat regularly. He asks the PRA football team to help. He has each player lift weights for 1 hour. Then, he has some of the players take protein while some of the players eat a regular dinner. He measures their muscle mass before and after to see whose muscles developed more.

  21. Please underline the IV, circle the DVand list at least 3 CVs: Alex is studying bacteria. He wants to know what antibiotic kills the most bacteria. He has three different antibiotics. He puts the same amount of each on samples of bacteria. He then counts how many bacteria were killed in each sample.

  22. Closing: What’s wrong with Adrianna’s investigation? How would you fix it? Please use vocabulary from today’s lesson in your answer!

  23. Homework: • Finish IV, DV, CV practice problems if you did not finish during class today.

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