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Chemistry

Chemistry. Elements. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means Examples of elements: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold, Neon. Everything is made of elements There are 118 elements All elements are arranged in the Periodic Table. The Periodic Table.

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Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry

  2. Elements • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means • Examples of elements: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold, Neon

  3. Everything is made of elements • There are 118 elements • All elements are arranged in the Periodic Table

  4. The Periodic Table • The periodic table was created by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1868 • There were only 63 known elements at this time • Mendeleev is known as the father of the Periodic Table

  5. Elements are arranged from left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. • Order general coincides with increasing atomic mass • The different rows of elements are called periods

  6. The rows going across are called periods • The columns going up and down are called groups • There are 10 groups on the periodic table • The groups are: Alkai metals, Alkaline earth metals, transition metals, basic metals, semi-metal, lanthanides, actinides, non-metals, halogens, and noble gases

  7. Alkali Metals • Located in Group IA • Include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium • Highly reactive • Lower densities

  8. Alkaline Earth Metals • Located in group II • Include Magnesium, Beryllium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium

  9. Transition Metals • Located in groups IB to VIIIB • Very hard • High melting points • High boiling points • Malleable • Conducts electricity

  10. Basic Metals • Most of the elements on the periodic table are metals • Shiny solids • Solid at room temperature • Conducts electricity and temperature

  11. Metalloids or Semimetals • Includes: boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium • The boiling and melting points vary widely • Good semiconductors

  12. Non-Metals • Located on the upper right side of the periodic table • Poor thermal conductors • Poor electrical conductors • Solid non-metals are generally brittle • They lack metallic luster

  13. Halogens • Group VIIA of the periodic table • Halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, and unuseptium. • Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals

  14. Noble Gases • Group VIII of periodic table • Sometimes called Group O • Non-reactive • Low boiling point • All gases at room temperature

  15. Lanthanides • Rare earth metals • Form during the fission of uranium and plutonium • Silvery-white metals • Relatively soft • Very reactive

  16. Actinides • All are radioactive • Metals tarnish readily in air • Very dense metals • React with boiling water • Combine with most nonmetals

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