Europe

1. Europe

2. Classical Period: Politics • Greece • city-states • aristocracies • direct democracies • Alexander the Great • Hellenism • Rome • republic • dictatorship in times of crisis • senate • Julius Caesar • Augustus Caesar • Constantine

3. Classical Period: Economy • Greece • agricultural • traded wine and grain • traded for Asian spices and art • slavery • sea trade • Rome • agriculture in Africa • traded for Asian spices and art • slavery • roads for trade

4. Classical Period: Religion • polytheistic • secular • Constantine; Christianity in Rome

5. Classical Period: Culture • Greece • scholars believed in human goodness • art and literature based on religion • little scientific innovation; many theories • Aristotle, Socrates, Plato • Rome • engineering • aqueducts and roads • large architectural structures • domes

6. Classical Period: Interactions • trade with India, China, and Middle East • Punic Wars between Rome and the Phoenicians • Alexander the Great’s empire • Roman empire

7. Han China bureaucracy no slavery Both foreign invasions large empires patriarchal Classical Period: Comparisons Rome republic slavery

8. Classical Period: Continuities • slavery • city states (Greece) • polytheism (Greece)

9. Classical Period: Changes • republic to Empire (Rome) • Christianity (Rome) • increase in power of the emperor (Rome)

10. Postclassical Period: Politics • Byzantines • Justinian • unified law code • autocratic • Holy Roman Empire • feudalism • Charles Martel • Charlemagne • crusades

11. Postclassical Period: Economy • Byzantines • commercial center of Europe • traded grain and silk • Holy Roman Empire • manorialsim • little trade

12. Postclassical Period: Religion • Byzantines • Orthdox Christianity • Great Schism • emperor is head of church • Holy Roman Empire • Catholicism • religion very important • Great Schism • pope is head of church

13. Postclassical Period: Culture • Byzantines • Hagia Sophia • Greek language • Holy Roman Empire • poor living conditions • technologically backward • large differences between nobility and peasants

14. Postclassical Period: Interactions • Crusades • trade with India, Africa, Arabs (Byzantines)

15. Both crusades monotheistic Postclassical Period: Comparisons W. Europe little trade Christianity Arabs trade hub Islam

16. Postclassical Period: Continuities • Feudalism • technologically backward • Catholicism • Slavery

17. Postclassical Period: Changes • Orthodox Christianity • Muslim influence

18. Early Modern Period: Politics • Enlightenment • Constitutional Monarchy (Britain) • Absolute Monarchy • Feudalism • colonization

19. Early Modern Period: Economy • Mercantilism • trading companies • large amounts of gold and silver from colonizations • large difference in wealth between western and southeastern Europe

20. Early Modern Period: Religion • Protestant revolution • Lutheranism, Anglican church, Calvinism • Martin Luther, Henry VIII, Jean Calvin • north became protestant; south remained Catholic • English Civil War

21. Early Modern Period: Culture • massive population increase • scientific revolution • movable type • humanism • neoclassicism • European-style family - late marriage age, emphasis on families of parents and children

22. Early Modern Period: Interactions • colonization • N. America, Latin America, Southeast Asia, India, coasts of Africa • Battle of Lepanto • trade with India

23. China regulated market unopen to trade Both advanced sea travel Early Modern Period: Comparisons W. Europe mercantilism open to trade

24. Early Modern Period: Continuities • Feudalism • Slavery

25. Early Modern Period: Changes • Enlightenment • Scientific Revolution • Reformation • Mercantilism

26. Industrial Period: Politics • French Revolution • start of end of Feudalism • 1848 revolutions • Imperialism • Liberals, Conservatives, Radicals • Napoleon, Robespierre • Congress of Vienna • Crimean War

27. Industrial Period: Economy • Industrial Revolution • Capitalism • Proletariat class • bourgeois • early Socialism

28. Industrial Period: Religion • Protestantism • Catholicism • Russian Orthodox • Sunni Islam (Ottoman Empire) • religion loses importance

29. Industrial Period: Culture • poor living conditions • romanticism in art • realism in art (due to industrial revolution) • abolishment of slavery

30. Industrial Period: Interactions • trade with Africa, N. America, China, India • Imperialism

31. Russia feudalism autocracy agricultural Both protestant religion patriarchal Industrial Period: Comparisons W. Europe constitutional monarchy industrial

32. Industrial Period: Continuities • autocracy in Russia • expansion

33. Industrial Period: Changes • capitalism • end of Feudalism • abolishment of slavery

34. Modern Period: Politics • World War I & II • Cold War • Fascism • Liberal Democracy • end of Imperialism

35. Modern Period: Economy • Great Depression • high unemployment and economic decline • Communism in Russia

36. Modern Period: Religion • Protestantism • Catholicism • Russian Orthodox

37. Modern Period: Culture • poor living conditions • women’s rights • large advances in technology • and science

38. Modern Period: Interactions • World War I & II • trade with most of the world • N. America, China, etc

39. Russia communism autocracy Both WW I & II Modern Period: Comparisons W. Europe capitalism liberal democracy

40. Modern Period: Continuities • technological and scientific advancement • autocracy in Russia

41. Modern Period: Changes • liberal democracy • end of imperialism • women’s rights