On the padlet Write a question that could incorporate these maps

1. On the padlet Write a question that could incorporate these maps

2. To examine the relative changes in the speed and capacity of two types of air and ocean transport responsible for the flow of goods, materials and people. Transport costs – made up of operating costs and profit rate of the carrier Fuel and wages Capital – equipment, terminal facilities, tracks and repairs Indirect costs – insurance What are the operating costs for each of the transport types?

3. Ocean transportation What are the purposes?

4. Ocean transport has low operating costs. However, it has high overhead costs of ports. Therefore over short distances it is not very competitive Operating costs of road are high but the overhead costs are low. This makes them competitive over short distances but not over long distances

6. Make a timeline to summarise these changes in shipping

7. History of Ocean Transportation X000 BC- Raftsmade by tying logs together- Steered by one person - Used to cross rivers and lakes- transported goods/ took people across the river 4000 BC- Egyptians made reed boatsthat had a mast and sails - Used on River Nile 2500 BC- Egyptians built wooden boats that could sail across oceans 1550 BC to 300 BC- Ancient Greeks used the galley, a man-powered sailing vessel, to travel and trade and fight with their neighbours 1000 AD - Viking longboats- had sails and up to 60 people who rowed the ship. The ship was long and narrow - able to travel on the open sea as well as along rivers 1100 AD- Chinese Junks- sailing boats with a rudder for steering boats, battens on the sails to give them greater strength. Had watertight compartments - Used for fighting and transporting 1450 AD onwards- three and four masted wooden sailing ships - Used as battleships, exploring, trade vessels 1800 AD-Clipper Ships- fast sailing ships with long, slim hulls and tall masts

8. Ocean Transportation after industrialization 1819 AD-Steamships- combined steam and wind power - Used to cross the Atlantic 1845 AD- Ocean-going liners made of iron- Driven by a propeller 1880 AD- Stern wheelers- Steam driven river boat with rear paddles 1910 AD- Sailing ships used diesel power instead of coal (using oil) 1955 AD-Hovercraft- capable of high speed (up to 140 km/hr) 1959 AD-Nuclear-powered cargo ships- can sail 3 and a half years without refuelling 1980 AD- Hydrofoil- used as ferries or water taxis - Container ships- carry cargo in huge metal boxes - Supertankers- one of the largest ships- used to transport oil 1990 AD- Cruise liners- Can carry hundreds of people - used for floating holidays - have restaurants, shops, cinemas etc. - Nuclear-powered aircraft carriers- used for protecting the country - Nuclear-powered submarines- used for protecting the country

10. Other purposes of Ocean Transportation • Tankers-transports fluids such as crude oil, petroleum, chemicals, vegetable oil, wine and other foods • Ferries (water taxi)-a form of transport carrying passengers and sometimes their vehicles • Cruise Ships-cruising has become a major part of the Tourism industry. Passenger ships • Cable layer-a deep sea vessel used to lay underwater cables for telecommunications and electricity.

12. Frequency of shipping routes in one year • What can this add to what you already know?

13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QyyGjQiiQBM&app=desktop

14. Use these words – How has shipping ‘shrunk’ our world? • Operating costs • Profit rate • Economies of scale • Frictional effect of distance • Global interactions • Hubs • Nodes • Core • Peripheral • Globalisation • TNC