Jessamy Munger and Rachel Sanborn

1. Jessamy Munger and Rachel Sanborn

2. Most common and readily identifiable chromosomal condition Caused by a chromosomal abnormality: for some unexplained reason Changes the orderly development of the body and brain

3. Low muscle tone Flat facial profile Upward slant to the eyes Abnormal shape of the ear Single deep crease across the center of the palm Hyperflexibility, excessive ability to extend the joints Small skin folds on the inner corner of the eyes

4. Very social, warm, loving children Thyroid problems ADHD Hearing and vision problems Sleeping problems Receptive language is better than expressive language Excessive space between large and second toe Enlargement of tongue in relationship to size of mouth

5. Extra portion of the number 21 chromosome Three ways the extra portion occurs: Nondisjunction  Mosaicism Translocation three number 21 chromosomes instead of two a pair of number 21 chromosomes, in either the sperm or the egg, fail to separate 95 % Nondisjunctioin � cells divide incorrectly prior to or at conception True cause is unknown, many hypothesis like maternal age Mosaicism - nondisjunction of the 21st chromosome in one of the initial cell divisions after fertilization This causes a mixture of the two types of cells (mosaic) Translocation - part of the number 21 chromosome breaks off during cell division and attaches to another chromosome Parent can be a carrier in some cases three number 21 chromosomes instead of two a pair of number 21 chromosomes, in either the sperm or the egg, fail to separate 95 % Nondisjunctioin � cells divide incorrectly prior to or at conception True cause is unknown, many hypothesis like maternal age Mosaicism - nondisjunction of the 21st chromosome in one of the initial cell divisions after fertilization This causes a mixture of the two types of cells (mosaic) Translocation - part of the number 21 chromosome breaks off during cell division and attaches to another chromosome Parent can be a carrier in some cases

6. Prepare children for long term goals How to behave properly with peers Use visual aids and prompts Corresponding level of material Highly structured environment Reduced teaching space Less distractions Control extraneous stimuli Positive behavior modifications program Use brief or visual instruction Sight words and visual cues Grammar and sequencing is very difficult for them

7. Allow them more time to complete assignments and time for breaks Language organizers Share notes Easier reading material Present material in other ways besides in writing Shorter directions � task analysis Use demonstrations and picture cues Read directions aloud Oral cues and prompts Modified worksheets Alternate activities only when needed Lessen writing tasks

8. Glasses Hearing Aids Visual Tools Pictures embedded with sight words Picture cards Computer Usage Modified Worksheets Books

11. Educational concerns, career preparation, employment, domestic life, community involvements, social maturation, and recreational activities need to be taken into consideration Need well-planned coordination Career preparation Develop self-esteem The goal is to pursue daily living tasks without assistance or with minimal assistance Need leisure activities also include acquisition of job skills, choice of job area, development of work support behaviors, opportunities of job mobility, and, finally a job live in an unsupervised apartment, work in a competitive setting, and be integrated with non-disabled peersinclude acquisition of job skills, choice of job area, development of work support behaviors, opportunities of job mobility, and, finally a job live in an unsupervised apartment, work in a competitive setting, and be integrated with non-disabled peers

12. 2 year & 4 year colleges with LD programs Non-Credit Transitional Programs on college campuses-with & w/o follow-up services Post-Secondary Independent Living Programs Look for a place that provides . . . Independent Living Skills Vocational Educational Social/Self Esteem Recreational Individualized Community Based Options for Long-term Comprehensive Support Services Include Goal Setting Training Consider the Whole Person Help Parents and Young Adult Establish a New Relationship Maintain Active Partnership Between Parents and Staff

13. Down Syndrome http://www.nas.com/downsyn/ Down Syndrome on the Internet http://www.downsyndrome.com/ Enabling Devices http://enablingdevices.com/ National Association for Down Syndrome http://www.nads.org/ National Down Syndrome Congress http://www.ndsccenter.org/ National Down Syndrome Society http://www.ndss.org/