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MODAL VERBS OR MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

MODAL VERBS OR MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS. USE. TO EXPRESS THE SPEAKER’S OPINION INCLUDING: Advise Possibility Probability Obligation Ability Necessity Permission Desire and Contingency. FEATURES. INVARIABLE: no –s, 3rd person sing . She must study – (X) she musts study

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MODAL VERBS OR MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

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  1. MODAL VERBS ORMODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

  2. USE • TO EXPRESS THE SPEAKER’S OPINION INCLUDING: • Advise • Possibility • Probability • Obligation • Ability • Necessity • Permission • Desire and Contingency

  3. FEATURES • INVARIABLE: no –s, 3rd personsing. • Shemuststudy – (X) shemustsstudy • NO NEED THE “DO” SUPPORT IN ?/- SENTENCES. • Youdon’tshouldtellhim – Do you can swim? • NOT FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVE WITHOUT “TO”. • (x) Youmusttogo – Youshouldn’teating so much. • THEY DO NOT HAVE: • Infinitive • Future tense • PastParticiple • - ing

  4. Whatabout: “haveto”, “beableto”, “needto” (full verbs) they do not share thesefeaturesbutthey share some of the uses. • haveto (obligation): Youhavetostudyhardif ….. • Be ableto (ability): After 5th yearyouwillbeabletospeakEnglishverywell.

  5. ADVISE AND OPINIONS • SHOULD (not); OUGHT (not). • I thinkyoushouldstudyEnglishharder. • Wealloughttohave a goodcommand of Englishlanguage. • I don’tthinkyoushould…. betterthan …I thinkyoushouldn’t …..

  6. ADVISE, RECOMMENDATIONS AND OBLIGATION • ADVISE: • Weallmustread more in English. • RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON OUR OWN EXPERIENCE: • Youshouldreadtheundomesticgoddess, it’shilarious¡¡¡¡. • STRONG OBLIGATION (law, authority): • Students in privateschoolmustwear a uniform.

  7. NECESITY - OBLIGATION • Must / haveto • Youmustbe home by 12 o’clock. (theobligation comes from • I havetobe home by 12 o’clock. the speaker) • Themeaningis similar but “haveto” can beused in alltheforms, eventheinterrogatives. • Yesterday, I hadto do thewashing up. • Youwillhavetostydyhardif….

  8. MUSN’T – DON’T HAVE TO • MUSN’T (PROHIBITION): • Youmusn’tsmoke in thepremises. • DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO (LACK OF NECESSITY): • Youdon’thavetowear a uniform at school.

  9. ABILITY • PRESENT ABILITY: • I can speakEnglish. • Ifyouworkhardyouwillbeabletopasstheexam. • PAST GENERAL ABILITY/VERBS OF PERCEPTION: • When I was a child, I couldread and write. • PAST ABILITY (ON ONE OCCASION): • Itwas a difficultexambut I managedto do it / succeed in doingit. • VERBS OF PERCEPTION (ON ONE OCCASION): • With a bigeffort, I couldhearherexplanations.

  10. REQUEST • CAN • WILL YOU • COULD • WOULD… YOU OPEN THE DOOR? • WOULD YOU MIND + -ING?? • WOULD YOU BE SO KING OF + -ING??

  11. PERMISSION • CAN • COULD • MAY … I COME IN???

  12. REQUEST AND PERMISSION • WILL YOU HELP ME WITH THIS EXERCISE? • Youasksomebodyforhelp • SHALL I HELP YOU WITH THIS EXERCISE? • Youofferyourselftohelpsomebody.

  13. SPECULATING • CERTAINTY: • THAT SOMETHING IS TRUE: • It’seighto’clock, shemustbe in class. • THAT SOMETHING IS IMPOSSIBLE: • It’s ten o’clock, he can’tbe in class.

  14. SPECULATING • POSSIBILITY: • + CAN: • Finally, I can gototheparty (I’msure) • MAY: • I maygototheparty (I’mnotsureit’spossible) • - MIGHT • I mightgototheparty (It’s improbable)

  15. DEDUCTIONS • MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: (CERTAINTY ABOUT THE PAST) • Wewentto Rome lastmonth. - thatmusthavebeennice. • A womenphonedwhileyouwereout - thatmusthavebeen K • CAN isused in questions and negatives: • Where can John haveputthematches?- He can’thavethrownthemaway, can he?.

  16. DEDUCTIONS • MAY / MIGHT / HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: (POSSIBILITY ABOUT THE PAST) • K. isvery late. Shemayhavemissedthetrain. • Whatwasthatnoise? Itmighthavebeen a cat. • May/mighthave + pastparticiple can sometimesrefertothepresentorfuture. • I’ll try phoninghimbut he mayhavegoneoutbynow. • Bytheend of thisyear, I mighthavesavedsomemoney.

  17. DEDUCTIONS • COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE to mean “wouldhavebeenableto….” • If he hadrunfaster he couldhave won. • MIGHT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE to mean “wouldperhapshave” or “wouldpossiblyhave”. • If I hadn’tbeen so tired, I mighthaverealizedwhatwas happening.

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