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The New England Colonies

The New England Colonies. PLYMOUTH/NEW ENGLAND. New England Colonies, 1650. Reforming England in America. Pilgrims Separatists who refused to worship in the Church of England 1620 —Plymouth founded Mayflower Compact Governor William Bradford and Squanto ensured colony survived

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The New England Colonies

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  1. The New England Colonies PLYMOUTH/NEW ENGLAND

  2. New England Colonies, 1650

  3. Reforming England in America • Pilgrims • Separatists who refused to worship in the Church of England • 1620—Plymouth founded • Mayflower Compact • Governor William Bradford andSquanto ensured colony survived • 1691—absorbed into Massachusetts Bay

  4. “The Great Migration” • 1630—John Winthrop led Puritan group to Massachusetts with charter giving them power to make decisions without direction from England • Declared they would form a “city upon a hill”

  5. “A City upon a Hill”: Settlement • 1630-1640—16,000 immigrated • Settlers usually came as family units • Area settled was generally healthy • Puritans’ view of their colony: • Success as part of covenant with God • A “beacon of righteousness” to the world • Church attendance required, but membership not automatic

  6. “A City on a Hill”: Politics • Public confession and execution of criminals • Government by elected representatives responsible to God • All adult male church members could vote • Ministers had no formal role and were prohibited from holding office • Town was center of Puritan life

  7. Limits of Religious Dissent: Roger Williams • Extreme separatist • Questioned validity of colony’s charter • Advocated toleration of religious beliefs, while Puritans opposed religious dissent • Expelled to Rhode Island, 1636

  8. Limits of Religious Dissent:Anne Hutchinson • Claimed direct divine inspiration by the Holy Spirit • Suggested Puritan ministers were no better than those of Church of England • Called established church into question • Banished to Rhode Island in 1637

  9. Immigrant Families and New Social Order • Huge population growth caused by high life expectancy • Multigenerational families strengthened social stability • Education valued and provided by the family

  10. Social Hierarchy in New England • Absence of a rich elite class necessitated creation of new social order • Much more equal society than Chesapeake • Only moderate disparities of wealth

  11. King Philip’s War • 1675—Metacomet led alliance against colonists • Colonists struggled to unite, to defeat Indians • Deaths totaled 1000+ Indians and colonists • Plymouth Colony lost 8% of its adult male population • By the end of the war, one-third of New England's approximately 100 towns had been burned and abandoned

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