KM in Clinical Dentistry

1. KM in Clinical Dentistry Dr.Kannika Chukiatmun DDS.,MD.,MsIT At Thammasart U. 23 Jan 08

2. Explicit knowledge VS Tacit knowledge • Documented • Codified • Archived • Customer list • Patent • Trademark • Business plan • Marketing research • Not documented • Difficult to identify • Know how • Experience • Personal talent • Intuitive • Innovative

3. Evolution of KM • Wave 1 • IT dominated approach • Misleading dichotomy of tacit/explicit ? • Wave 2 • Importance of relationships, connections • Recognized rise of social capital • Decline of CKO ? • Wave 3 • COP • Focus on how people make decision • Alignment with business imperative, quality management, risk management etc.

6. Knowledge Society I “Knowledge Explosion” • Productivity • Competitiveness • Market mechanism • Survival of the fittest

7. Knowledge Society II “Knowledge Management” • Harmony • Learning Organization • Community of Practice • Knowledge Broker • Knowledge Master : Content Management • (Informaticist Model)

8. Excellent Center • Performance Excellence • Organization • Competency • Learning • Knowledge • Blended-Learning • Technology

9. Choosing Your Knowledge Management Strategy • KM has been applied to a very broad spectrum of activities designed to manage, exchange and create or enhance intellectual assets within an organization, and that there is no widespread agreement on what KM actually is. Knox Haggie, John Kingston (2003)

10. Choosing Your Knowledge Management Strategy • IT application that are termed “KM applications” range from the development of highly codified help desk systems to the provision of video conferencing to facilitate the exchange of ideas between people. • One fact that does seem to be agreed on is that different situations require different knowledge management strategies.

11. KM Strategies • Classification By Knowledge • Nonaka & Takeuchi’s Matrix of Knowledge Types • Boisot’s I-Space Model “The process of growing and developing knowledge assets within organizations is always changing.” • Classification By Business Process • APQC International Benchmarking Clearing house Study • Mckinsey & Company

12. KM Strategies • Classification By End Results • Treacy & Wiersema’s Value Disciplines • Zack’s Knowledge Strategy • A Synthesised Approach • Binney’s KM Spectrum (2001)

13. KM Strategies • Derek Binney (Binney, 2001) provides a framework, The KM Spectrum, to help organisations make sense of the large diversity of material appearing under the heading of KM, and to help them assess where they are in KM terms. His focus is on the KM activities that are being carried out, grouped into six categories: • Transactional KM: Knowledge is embedded in technology. • Analytical KM:Knowledge is derived from external data sources, typically focussing on customer-related information. • Asset Management KM: Explicit management of knowledge assets (often created as a by-product of the business) which can be reused in different ways. • Process-based KM: The codification and improvement of business practice and the sharing of these improved processes within the organisation. • Developmental KM: Building up the capabilities of the organisation's knowledge workers through training and staff development. • Innovation/creation KM: Fostering an environment which promotes the creation of new knowledge, for example through R & D and through forming teams of people from different disciplines.

18. Examples of technologies that can support or enhance the transformation of knowledge : IBM Journal“Knowledge management technology” by A. D. Marwick • Tacit to TacitTacit to Explicit E-meetings Answering questions Synchronous collaboration (chat) Annotation • Explicit to TacitExplicit to Explicit Visualization Text search Browsable AV of presentations Document categorization

19. KMS workout • Knowledge Engineering Approach to KM • Mapping CommonKADS task type to The KM spectrum • Selecting KM Strategies • Link the value disciplines with the Strategies • Customer intimacy (CRM, Data mining, Business Intelligence) • Operational excellence (Best Practice Transfer, TQM, BPR, Process Improvement) • Product Leadership (choose KM strategies supporting Communities, Collaboration, Discussion Forum) • Identify External Driver • Synthesized approach

20. Key concept : ….more than simply collections 1 • A collection of datais not information. • A collection of information is not knowledge. • A collection of knowledge is not wisdom. • A collection of wisdom is not truth. (Ref: Knowledge Management—Emerging Perspectives : Gene Bellinger)

21. Key concept : ….more than simply collections 1 Knowledge = Content + Context • Context = attribute of meaning +association • Without context = without meaning • Y is a meaningful X Ref: Knowledge Management—Emerging Perspectives Quote - Neil Fleming

22. 2 Key concept : ...Individual – Organization synergyby making most benefit from Utilizing Tools and Technology • Tacit / Implicit / Explicit Knowledge (ความรู้ฝังลึก/ความรู้แฝง/ความรู้ที่ตีพิมพ์-เปิดเผย-แสดงได้) • Tacit • Expert connectivity • Implicit • Knowledge Presentation • Knowledge acquisition / extraction • Explicit Knowledge • Information retrieval

23. KM : What model ? !!! • ปลาทู • Virtual ปลาทู • ปลาทูเป็นๆ

24. KM in Clinical Dentistry Dr.Kannika Chukiatmun DDS.,MD.,MsIT Thammasart U. 23 Jan 08

25. Present situation • Information overload • Paradoxical information • Technologies have increased the dissemination of information, but worsened the problem of unwanted information • Difficulty in retrieval of relevance information

26. The foreseeable future • Rapid access to a growing body of knowledge : “Competitive intelligent”. To find out “Competitive advantage”. • The skill required by the practitioner is to know how to sift and find information, rather than how to remember facts. • Health informatics is going to be an essential clinical skill.

27. The foreseeable future • Access to the information by itself will not result in its use or raise the quality of service. • However, as patient and public gain access to clinical information there is a rising that professional staff will also be “information empowered”. • Service organization and delivery are “information driven and information dependent”. • Record keeping and the use of information is an important factor in delivering quality patient care.

28. The purposed KM model for clinical practice The purposed outline • The need to manage information-overload, paradoxical information, unwanted information, effective retrieval of wanted information and bodies of knowledge • To ensure that learning about the best practice actually takes place and as a result, quality standards are actually implements. • To revise and develop strategies that are well-adapted to dynamic and complex process of health care service for the patients

29. Problems • How can information / knowledge be transferred to working doctors? • What makes health care service to archive best practice? • The provision “catch up” or “consolidate” programs for established clinician. (It is apparent that there are many gaps in current level of awareness, attitude, knowledge and skills about health information amongst clinicians.)

30. Practice VS Process • The way tasks are done • Spontaneous • Improvised • Responds to a changing, unpredictable environment • Driven by tactic knowledge • Web-like • The way tasks are organized • Routine • Orchestrated • Assume a predictable environment • Relies on explicit knowledge • Linear

31. Knowledge • Explicit knowledge • Implicit / Tacit knowledge • Situation specific knowledge • Mundane science

32. Explicit knowledge • Knowledge Access • Knowledge Validation • Knowledge Valuation • Knowledge Optimization • Knowledge Dissemination

33. Explicit knowledge • Knowledge Access • Knowledge divide / Digital divide • Ubiquitous • Knowledge Validation • Knowledge Valuation • Knowledge Optimization • Knowledge Dissemination

34. Explicit knowledge • Knowledge Access • Knowledge Validation • Research Methodology • Critical Appraisal of evidences • Systematic Review “ Evidence-base medicine / dentistry ” • Knowledge Valuation • Knowledge Optimization • Knowledge Dissemination

35. Explicit knowledge • Knowledge Access • Knowledge Validation • Knowledge Valuation Assessment • Cost-benefit • Social, Economy, Culture value etc. • Knowledge Optimization • Knowledge Dissemination

36. Explicit knowledge • Knowledge Access • Knowledge Validation • Knowledge Valuation • Knowledge Optimization • Knowledge Master • Practical education / training • Knowledge Dissemination Rules & regulations Standard & Norms Best practice Manuals & Lesson learned

37. Explicit knowledge • Knowledge Access • Knowledge Validation • Knowledge Valuation • Knowledge Optimization • Knowledge Dissemination • Knowledge Sharing / Brokering • Edutainment • Collaborative tools

38. กำหนดรูปแบบองค์ความรู้กำหนดรูปแบบองค์ความรู้ (Capture Knowledge) สร้างองค์ความรู้ (Create knowledge) ปรับปรุงองค์ความรู้ (Refine Knowledge) เผยแพร่องค์ความรู้ (Disseminate knowledge or knowledge transfer) จัดเก็บองค์ความรู้ (Store knowledge) จัดการองค์ความรู้ (Manage knowledge) Knowledge cycle

39. Knowledge Engineering Knowledge acquisition Knowledge validation Knowledge representation Inferencing Explanation and justification

40. การใช้ความคิด (Intelligence Phase) กระบวนการแก้ไขปัญหา (Problem solving process) การออกแบบ (Design Phase) กระบวนการตัดสินใจ (Decision making process) การเลือกแนวทางที่ดีที่ที่สุด (Choice Phase) การนำไปใช้ (Implementation phase) การติดตามผล (Monitoring Phase)

42. Thinking • Critical Thinking • Creative Thinking • Decision Making • Problem Solving

44. Model for knowledge management in primary care

45. The Future of KM • Implication C for KM: • The best use of‘knowledge professionals’is working in tandem with (or even as part of)the organization’s IT professionals,devoting the bulk of their time to scheduled, one-on-one ‘personally productivity’ sessionswith front-line workersto improve these workers’ competencywith worktools, and ability to do their own research & analysis. Mentor Apprenticeship “On the Job Training”

46. Knowledge Society II “Knowledge Management” • Harmony • Learning Organization • Community of Practice • Knowledge Broker • Knowledge Master : Content Management • (Informaticist Model)

48. Outcomes and Standard for Health Informatics • Communication • Authoring and reading health • Clinical language • Team-working • Knowledge management • Data quality and management • Confidentiality and security • Secondary uses of clinical data and information • Clinical governance and service audit • Working clinical systems • Telemedicine and telecare

49. Outcomes and Standard for Health Informatics • Knowledge management • Understand decision support, expert systems and artificial intelligence and their use in the support of clinical activity. • Using accredited health related online sources be able to summarize, evaluate / appraise and present information / evidence relevant to a particular healthcare issue. • Examine and understand current key initiatives and developments in IT based knowledge resources. • Understand the implications of the development and local implementation of care pathway / guidelines. • Appreciate and analyze sources of information about patient and public views of and expectation of health and relayed service.

50. The Comprehensive approach KM model in Clinical Dentistry • Content management + Organizational learning + e-learning • Best practice, performance support tools, collaboration tools • On-the-job performance support • Excellent center • Service organization/delivery are “information driven and information dependent”. • Record keeping and the use of information is an important factor in delivering quality care.