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Main International Agreements in the area of human rights

Main International Agreements in the area of human rights. ปฏิญญาสากลว่าด้วยสิทธิมนุษยชน. UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 กติการะหว่างประเทศว่าด้วยสิทธิของพลเมืองและสิทธิทางการเมือง. Entered into force in 1976 (after ratification by the 35 th country).

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Main International Agreements in the area of human rights

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  1. Main International Agreementsin the area of human rights

  2. ปฏิญญาสากลว่าด้วยสิทธิมนุษยชนปฏิญญาสากลว่าด้วยสิทธิมนุษยชน

  3. UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966กติการะหว่างประเทศว่าด้วยสิทธิของพลเมืองและสิทธิทางการเมือง

  4. Entered into force in 1976 (after ratification by the 35th country)

  5. The rights protected by the covenant are not different from the rights listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

  6. It has additional protocol which allows individual complaints to an UN committee against the states. The protocol applies only to those countries which have ratified it. Thailand did not sign it.

  7. Another additional protocol was signed later in 1989. It forbids death penalty.

  8. The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights 1966. Entered into force in 1976กติกา ระหว่างประเทศว่าด้วยสิทธิทางเศรษฐกิจ สังคม และวัฒนธรรม

  9. It affirms the equality between men and women better than the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

  10. Additional rights are fully expressed: the right to trade unions, the right to be protected from starvation, provision of primary education without cost

  11. It has one additional protocol signed in 2008It allows individual complains to be brought against the states in violation of the right against starvation

  12. The protocol gives the power to UN Committee of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights to investigate serious and systematic violations of other rights by the states

  13. Unlike The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Covenants has binding power on the states.

  14. Convention on the rights of the child 1989อนุสัญญาว่าด้วยสิทธิเด็ก

  15. Thailand is party to the Convention since 1992

  16. Key principles: prohibition of discrimination and enhancement of children’s wellbeing

  17. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

  18. Thailand signed the protocol in 2006

  19. Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women 1979อนุสัญญาว่าด้วยการขจัดการเลือกปฏิบัติต่อสตรีในทุกรูปแบบ

  20. Thailand is a party to the Convention since 1985

  21. It requires the states to use law to construct new social relationships based on gender equality: law as social engineering

  22. Specific problems: employment discrimination and trafficking

  23. อนุสัญญา ระหว่างประเทศว่าด้วยการขจัดการเลือกปฏิบัติทางเชื้อชาติในทุกรูปแบบ – International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965)

  24. Thailand became a party to the Convention in 2003

  25. อนุสัญญา ต่อต้านการทารุณกรรมและการปฏิบัติหรือการลงโทษที่โหดร้าย ไร้มนุษยธรรม หรือเหยียดหยามศักดิ์ศรี Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984)

  26. Thailand became a party to the Convention in 2007

  27. UN Human Rights Organizations

  28. Most of them are formed in accordance with a specific human rights treaty.One type of them is formed by the representatives of the governments,another – by independent experts

  29. Their main function is to ensure the observance of the relevant international agreements by the states

  30. UN Commission of Human Rightscreated in 1946 as the part of the UN Council for Social and Economic Affairs

  31. In 2006, the Commission has been replaced by the UN Council of Human Rights(UNHRC)It is in direct accountability to UN General Assembly

  32. The members of the General Assembly elect the members who occupy the UNHRC's forty-seven seats.

  33. Members of the UNHRC are elected to three-year terms.

  34. The UN Council of Human Rights can propose new international agreements.

  35. It also examines periodically (every 4 year) whether the states respect human rights

  36. Three documents are discussed:1. the report prepared by the country

  37. 2. The report prepared by the High Commissioner

  38. 3. The report which reflects the position of NGOs submitted by the High Commissioner

  39. The results of the examinations are debated in the Council. After that, the resolutions are taken which contain suggestions.

  40. The US criticized the new idea of the Human Rights Council

  41. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

  42. The post of the commissioner was established in 1993 by the resolution of the UN General Assembly

  43. Before 1993, there was the UN Human Rights Programme which was a small division

  44. Mrs. Pillay is the Commissioner at the moment

  45. Rape and genocide issuefreedom of expression and incitement of hatred issue

  46. Status: a member of the UN Secretariat Main offices: Geneva and New York, 11 national offices and 7 regional (850 employees plus 240 at various peace missions)

  47. Tasks: promote and protect human rights

  48. Support for the activities of the UN Human Rights Council and other organizations created under the human rights conventions

  49. Supervision of the states

  50. Coordination of education in the field of human rights

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