Partnership and Impact

1. DFID Partnership and Impact Project: The Meaning of Health Security for Disaster Resilience in Bangladesh Dr. Andrew Collins andrew.collins@northumbria.ac.uk www.northumbria.ac.uk/ddc

2. The Meaning of Health Security for Disaster Resilience in Bangladesh • Project Overview • Partnership and Impact ESRC-DFID Partnership and Impact

3. Health and Wellbeing Indicator Time Theoretical basis: Simplified notion of change in health security through critical incidents C A A = Point of disaster B = Lowest point of disaster C = Recovery point at x years Y = Change in (health) indicator due to disaster X = Rate of recovery X Y B Health Security in Disaster Resilience

4. H Pathogens Pathways V Places People Notional differentiation between hazards (H) and vulnerability (V) Politics Perceptions Health Ecology Approach to Health Security at Global, Community and Individual Levels Health Security in Disaster Resilience

5. Household based resilience building Adapted from DFID (2000)

6. Disaster and Development Book (2009) Andrew E. Collins D & D Implications and Applications Routledge Perspectives on Development

7. Project Rationale Potentially: • Health security reduces disaster impact • Health security indicators facilitate preparedness for changing risk thresholds • Health security enables people to be resilient to disaster and development impacts Health Security in Disaster Resilience

8. Project Objectives • Objective 1: Identify how health security influences vulnerability and resilience to disasters, and explore how health security is interpreted in terms of disaster vulnerability. • Objective 2: Assess how health security monitoring can facilitate early warning and preparedness against changing thresholds of disaster risk. • Objective 3: Evaluate which approaches to health security enable people to monitor resilience as an aid to mitigating the impact of disaster events. Health Security in Disaster Resilience

9. Questions Institutionally; • What added value does health security bring to livelihood security (DFID 1998, Care 1999) and risk reduction frameworks? (DFID 1997, ISDR 2004, DFID 2005, 2006) • Involves knowing how health security is interpreted in terms of disaster vulnerability Health Security in Disaster Resilience

10. Questions – more practically • Which health security indicators of pre-disaster preparedness and sustainable development apply best in contexts of high risk major incidents? • How can people monitor health security themselves as part of self-care for disaster resilience at local and wider levels? • What are the circumstances within which different scales of health security monitoring – local, sub regional, and national can facilitate early warning of changing thresholds of disaster risk? • What aspects of health security (i.e. infectious diseases) in Bangladesh make people and places vulnerable or resilient to disasters? • What is the theoretical basis for implementing an integrated infectious disease risk and poverty reduction agenda as part of disaster risk reduction in Bangladesh? • How can health security (self-care HS and that provided externally) be made more readily accessible to people through health risk management communication and participation? • What does it mean to mainstream health security into disaster risk reduction? Health Security in Disaster Resilience

11. Applied Value • Implications for practitioners. • Feeding into policy on how health security can be built into the livelihoods and disaster risk reduction frameworks. • How risk management can be made accessible to people as part of the poverty reduction or climate adaptation agendas. • How people make their own assessments of vulnerability, resilience and health risks to prevent ill health. • Raising the profile of risk diagnostics and vulnerability interpretation in Bangladesh and beyond. • Communication of ideas and experiences from areas with recent history of disasters. • Exploring the extent to which poverty intervention strategies might orient health security as part of disaster risk reduction. Health Security in Disaster Resilience

12. Combined Methodologies • Specialist and lay perspectives • Qualitative and quantitative • Secondary data, questionnaires, FGDs, in depth interviewing, household observation • Ongoing evaluation, dissemination and learning through doing, with communities, practitioners policy makers and practitioners Health Security in Disaster Resilience

13. Field Sites Domar Matlab Chakoria Health Security in Disaster Resilience

14. References • Alam, E. and Collins, A.E. (2010) ‘Cyclone Disaster Vulnerability and Response Experiences in Coastal Bangladesh’, Disasters, 34:4. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/123497735/PDFSTART • Williams, L. Collins, A.E., Bauaze, A. and Edgeworth, R. (2010) ‘The role of risk perception in reducing cholera vulnerability’, Risk Management: an International Journal, 12, pp.163-84. • Ray-Bennett, N.S., Collins, A.E., Edgeworth, R. et al. (2010 in press) ‘Promoting disaster resilient communities through health security approach: the case of Bangladesh’, Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research (NRPR) Special Issue on Disaster Management, Routledge. • Nahar, P. Alamgir, F., Collins, A.E., and Bhuiya, A. (2010) ‘Contextualising disaster in relation to human health in Bangladesh’, Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 7:1, pp.55-62. • Ray-Bennett, N., Collins, A.E., Bhuiya, A., Edgeworth, R., Nahar, P and Alamgir, F. (2010) ‘Exploring the meaning of health security for disaster resilience through people's perspectives in Bangladesh’, Health and Place, 16: pp.581-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.01.003 • Nahar, P. Alamgir, F., Bhuiya, A., Ray-Bennett, N. and Collins, A.E., (2010) ‘Interrelations between water, health and livelihood in disasters’,Text book chapter of Readers text SaciWater: South Asia Consortium for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies. Delhi, Sage Publication. • Collins, A.E. (2009) ‘The people centred approach to early warning systems and the ‘Last Mile’, International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), World Disaster Report, Chapter 2, pp. 39-68. • Collins, A.E. (2009) Disaster and Development, Routledge Perspectives in Development Series, London. (Book contains 29 plates, 24 figures, 17 tables and 18 boxes) http://www.routledge.com/978-0-415-42668-8 • Alamgir, F., Nahar, P., Collins, A.E., Shankar Ray-Bennett, N. and Bhuiya, A. (2009) ‘Climate change and food security: health risks and vulnerability of the poor in Bangladesh’, The International Journal of Climate Change Impacts and Responses, 1: pp.37-54. ISSN Common Ground Publishing. ESRC-DFID Partnership and Impact

15. References • Collins, A.E. (2008) ‘Climate Change and Infectious Disease Risk Reduction’, Proceedings of the UK – Asia Scientists and Practitioners Seminar, a Pre-event of the 3rd Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1st December. • Collins, A.E. (2008) ‘Health Security or Climate Change Adaptation? What do we really mean by Disaster Risk Reduction in times of disease?’ Proceedings of the International Disaster and Risk Conference (IDRC), Davos, Switzerland, August 25th – 29th, pp. 136-139. • Alam, E. and Collins, A.E. (2008) ‘Understanding Vulnerability and Local Responses to Cyclone Disasters: Experiences from the Bangladesh Coast’, Proceedings of the International Disaster and Risk Conference (IDRC), Davos, Switzerland, August 25th – 29th, pp. 768-770. • Manyena, S.B., Mutale, S.B. and Collins, A.E. (2008) Sustainability of rural water supply and disaster resilience in Zimbabwe, Water Policy 10:6, pp. 563-575. • Collins, A.E., Lucas, M.E., Islam, M.S., and Williams, L.E. (2006) Socio-economic and environmental origins of cholera epidemics in Mozambique: guidelines for tackling uncertainty in infectious disease prevention and control, International Journal of Environmental Studies Special Issue on Africa, 63:5, pp. 537-549. • Edgeworth, R. and Collins, A.E. (2006) Self-Care as a Response to Diarrhoea in Rural Bangladesh: Empowered Choice or Enforced Adoption? Social Science and Medicine, 63, pp. 2686-97. • Collins, A.E. (2006) Infectious disease risk management in Africa, conference paper for Epidemics and Disasters Session of the XVI International Sociological Association (ISA) World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 23-29 July. • Collins, A.E. (2006) Health ecology in disaster reduction strategies: lessons from Mozambique, conference paper and Chair for Africa Disasters Session of the XVI International Sociological Association (ISA) World Congress of Sociology, Durban, South Africa, 23-29 July. • Collins, A.E. and Williams, L.E. (2006) Community engagement with integrated disease risk management, Proceedings of the International Disaster Reduction Conference (IDRC), Davos, Switzerland, 27 Aug – 1 Sept, pp. 120-123. ESRC-DFID Partnership and Impact

16. 2. Partnership and Impact: Outline Build on: • Rationale - Demand led • Opportunity - Clear foundation to partnership • Continuity - Commitment, vision, dissemination ESRC-DFID Partnership and Impact

17. Rationale – demand led project e.g) • Offset disaster through health security • Understand health security in terms of resilience • Implication and application of findings • Bringing lay persons perspectives to bare in policy making • For monitoring and managing risk • For identifying paths to capacity ESRC-DFID Partnership and Impact

18. Opportunity – clear foundation to partnership • i.e. Based on Disaster and Development Centre (DDC) and ICDDR, Bangladesh link • Strong theoretical basis – i.e. DRR, Livelihoods, Health Ecology, others ... • Applied linkages – institutional relevance beyond the academy ESRC-DFID Partnership and Impact

19. Continuity – commitment and vision • Makes sense in the long term • Can link widely • Inspires dedication and investment individually • Can be published in a variety of outlet types ESRC-DFID Partnership and Impact

20. Maximising impact • Links to wider poverty reduction concerns • Is likely to need an integrated approach • Can be understood in a Government Policy context • Can be delivered in a wide range of subject specialist and broader dissemination outlets Ends. ESRC-DFID Partnership and Impact