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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Principles of Life. All organisms. Are composed of a common set of chemical components. Genetic information that uses a nearly universal code to specify the assembly of proteins Convert molecules obtained from their environment into new biological molecules

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Principles of Life

  2. All organisms • Are composed of a common set of chemical components. • Genetic information that uses a nearly universal code to specify the assembly of proteins • Convert molecules obtained from their environment into new biological molecules • Extract energy from the environment and use it to do biological work • Regulate their internal environment • Replicate their genetic information in the same manner when reproducing themselves • Share sequence similarities among a fundamental set of genes

  3. Life’s Calendar • Our History in 1 minute • Our History in 24 hours

  4. Discussion Questions • What are the common set of chemical components? • What is this nearly universal code?? • What molecules are being converted? • Give an example of an energy conversion found in living things • How do we regulate our internal environment ?

  5. Concept 1.2 Genetic Systems Control the Flow, Exchange, Storage and Use of Information • Genome – sum total of all the information encoded by an individual’s genes • Genes – portions of the DNA that can be decoded to build proteins. • All the cells in an organism have the same DNA but different genes are used in different cells.

  6. Think of DNA as the letters in the words of a recipe • The recipe is a gene • The cookbook is the genome. • We all have a very similar cookbook…very minor differences from one person to the next • Each of our cells have the entire cookbook in them but only read or use about 3% of the recipes.

  7. Concept 1.3 Organisms Interact with and Affect Their Environments • Hierarchy –biological systems are organized on a hierarchy from basic building blocks to complete functioning ecosystems. • Integration – Much of biology involves integrating investigations across many of the hierarchical levels.

  8. Organisms interacting and affecting their environment • With energy transformations: Metabolism - sum total of all the chemical transformations and other work done in all the cells of an organism • With regulatory systems: homeostasis - the maintenance of a narrow range of conditions in the internal environment • With competition and cooperation: symbiosis – a close, long-term relationship between individuals of two different species

  9. Evolution Explains Both the Unity and Diversity of Life • Evolution – a change in the genetic makeup of a population through time. • The result of this constant change is diversity. • The first unit of study we’ll cover after this introduction is evolution.

  10. Why are we starting with evolution? • “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” • Theodosius Dobzhansky • This quote emphasizes the need to integrate an evolutionary perspective into all aspects of biological study.

  11. Science is Based on Quantifiable Observations and Experiments • Not only should we make observations of the natural world but we also have to be able to quantify our observations. • This means that we have to have mathematical and statistical calculations about the data we are collecting.

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