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Combustion Byproducts

Combustion Byproducts. field measurements. Flow reactor experiments are used to elucidate chemical pathways of the formation and growth of combustion byproducts Quantum mechanical methods are used to model molecular properties and reaction dynamics

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Combustion Byproducts

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  1. Combustion Byproducts field measurements • Flow reactor experiments are used to elucidate chemical pathways of the formation and growth of combustion byproducts • Quantum mechanical methods are used to model molecular properties and reaction dynamics • Distributions can be used for source attribution flow reactor experiments computed thermodynamics tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

  2. Air Quality Data Analyses for Epi Studies • Criteria pollutant analyses • most representative value • error and spatial variation • PM component analyses • air quality modeling • source apportionment modeling

  3. normalized values • x’ = (x-x)/x • ’ = 0 • ’ = 1  = 1  = 0

  4. error and spatial variation differences between two sites {(x’-y’)/2}:  = 0   spatial sd = {(1-R)/2}½ averages of two sites over time {(x’+y’)/2}:  = 0   temporal sd = {(1+R)/2}½ differences due to error and spatial variation: • measurement error  co-located instruments • instrument, laboratory (PM), and human • spatial variation • local sources  nearby monitoring sites • regional transport/meteorology  entire study area  = 0

  5. example: NO2 – monitoring sites 1-hr correlation, R GT-JS 0.59 GT-SD 0.67 GT-Tu 0.76 GT-CO 0.44 GT-Yo 0.05 JS-SD 0.51 JS-Tu 0.57 JS-Co 0.38 Tu Yo GT JS SD Co 130 km x 130 km

  6. variogram spatial sd / temporal sd R {(1-R)/(1+R)}½ 1 0 0 1 -1  1 regional effects {(1-R)/(1+R)}½ local effects measurement error 0 distance co-located instruments

  7. primary pollutantexample: 1-hr max. NO2 (93-02) regional effects local effects measurement error open symbols – JS data

  8. secondary pollutantexample: 8-hr max. O3 (93-02) regional effects measurement error open symbols – JS data

  9. primary-secondary pollutantexample: 24-hr avg PM2.5 (99-02) local effects measurement error open symbols – SEARCH and ASACA data

  10. representative value – summary a 1993 and most of 1994 data missing b with SEARCH data (67% w/o SEARCH data); winters 94-95, 95-96 missing c Fridays and Saturdays missing

  11. error & spatial variation – summary a from DNR QA data using co-located instruments b spatial sd / temporal sd = {(1-R)/(1+R)}½

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