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READING BODY LANGUAGE. Each one of us has the ability → natural way of communication Clever Hans: The horse of Wilhelm von Osten (20th century ) Apparently able to count, read and recognise tones
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READING BODY LANGUAGE • Each one of us has the ability → natural way of communication • Clever Hans: • The horse of Wilhelm von Osten (20th century) • Apparently able to count, read and recognise tones • 1904 - Studied by committee → found to be able to read human body language (Pfungst)
SMILE HEAD AND FACE ORBICULARIS OCULI • Easy to control, difficult to read • Focus on: • SMILE • EYES • Blinking • Pupils • Eye movements • There are differencesbetweenreal and fakesmile: • Duchene´smarker • Ekman´s and Friesen´sresearch • Directlinkbeweenouremotions and ourphysiology ZYGOMATIC MAJOR
EYES • BLINKING • Connected to the amount of mental stress we are experiencing • The frequency of our blinking shows the speed with which we are processing information • PUPILS • Pupils constrict in the light and dilate in the dark • Dilated pupils are connected with positive feelings and vice-versa
EYE MOVEMENTS VC VR AR AC K AID V = Visual (images) R = remembered A = Audible (sounds) C = constructed K = Kinaesthetic (feelings, touch, smell, taste) ID = internal dialogue
HANDS AND ARMS • Often the hands will give valuable clues as how to the person perceives his relationship to the subject he is talking about • WEIGHING GESTURE • POINTING • at oneself → may occur in such a way that betrays the fact that the speaker sees himself in a role he does not consciously means to communicate - The speaker may talk about how he isn't sure whether to carry out option A or option B, and in expressing his indecision may mime "weighing up" the options as if his hands were a pair of scales.
HANDS AND ARMS • OTHER GESTURES • Crossing arms • Misunderstood gesture • If our conversational partner crosses his arms, he's giving the signals to the others that he finds us interesting and doesn't want anybody to disturb him • Arms on hips • A gesture of rejection or sometimes even stealthy aggression • By doing so we're making ourselves optically larger • Tappingthefingers • If we notice that our partner is drumming with his fingers or tapping them on the table, it means that he is most likely bored and wishes to leave to conversation.
FEET AND LEGS • DRUMMING AND CROSSING • CREATING BARRIERS • A person may sound disinterested in us, but if her feet are little turned out towards us the chances are that she is actually very open to us • Equally, a business associate may be smiling and chatting comfortable with us but may have her legs crossed away from us and her right arm holding her cigarette right across her body • Drumming can also occur with feet • We should also watch for sudden crossing, re-crossing or uncrossing of feet when significant subjects are brought up
FEET AND LEGS • STRETCHING • sign of disinterest in what we have to say → may becoupled with folding of the arms • thesesignify much stronger rejection • The reason why some of these examples seem more obvious is that, by paying less attention to such things, people tend to give their feelings away in much bolder ways
THEPOLYGRAPH • Incorrectly called "the lie detector" • Doesn't detect lies, but the changes in the suspect's body • Innocent people are convicted of crimes • Changes on which the polygraph focuses could be produced by nervous or frustrated suspect for any number of perfectly innocent reasons
THEPOLYGRAPH • Researchers have tested to see whether the polygraph is as effective as its defenders claim • In the test 4 out of 4 polygraphers identified innocent people of convicting a crime
"The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn't said." - Peter F. Drucker
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Created by: Martina Sládeková, III.E 2012/2013
SOURCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY • BROWN, Derren - Tricksofthemind, TRANSWORLD PUBLISHERS, London 2007 ISBN 978-19-050-2635-7 • HAVENER, Thorsten - Viem, čo si myslíš, TIMY PARTNERS spol. s.r.o. , Bratislava 2010 ISBN 970-80-89311-15-6
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