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Ionic Compounds and Metals

Ionic Compounds and Metals. Chemistry Matter and Change: Chapter 7. BIG IDEA. Atoms in ionic compounds are held together by chemical bonds formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions. . 7.1 Ion Formation. 7.1 Main Idea.

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Ionic Compounds and Metals

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  1. Ionic Compounds and Metals Chemistry Matter and Change: Chapter 7

  2. BIG IDEA Atoms in ionic compounds are held together by chemical bonds formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions.

  3. 7.1Ion Formation

  4. 7.1 Main Idea Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose valence electrons to achieve a stable octet electron configuration.

  5. 7.1 Objectives • Define a chemical bond. • Describe the formation of positive and negative ions • Relate ion formation to electron configuration.

  6. Review Vocabulary & Concepts Ion Valence electron Octet Electron configuration Lewis-dot diagrams Electron affinity

  7. New Vocabulary Chemical bond Ionic bond Cation Anion

  8. Chemical Bond • The force that holds two atoms together • Three types • Ionic bonds *Chap 7 • Metallic bonds *Chap 7 • Covalent bonds *Chap 8

  9. Valence Electrons and Chemical Bonds Each valence electron is represented as a dot around the nuclear core of the element.

  10. Valence Electrons and Chemical Bonds • The most stable electron configuration for an element is the nearest noble gas. • ns2np6 • Octet • Ions gain or lose electrons to achieve noble gas configurations

  11. Octet Rule

  12. Formation of Ions

  13. Positive Ion Formation Cation: a positively charged ion Results when electrons are lost

  14. Metal ions • Group 1 loses 1 electron +1 charge • Group 2 loses 2 electrons +2 charge • Group 13 loses 3 electrons +3 charge • Groups 3-12 usually lose 2 electrons Most have +2 charge (range from +1 to +3)

  15. Negative Ion Formation Anion: negatively charged ion Formed when electrons are gained Non-metals

  16. Nonmetal Ions • Group 15 gains 3 electrons 3- charge • Group 16 gains 2 electrons 2- charge • Group 17 gains 1 electron 1- charge

  17. Section Summary A chemical bond is the force that holds two atoms together Some atoms gain or lose electrons to gain a stable configuration; these are called ions Most stable configurations end: ns2np6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lODqdhxDtHM&feature=related

  18. Sodium • Electron loss or ionization of sodium atom • Na 1s22s22p63s1 → Na+ 1s22s22p6

  19. The electron configuration of a sodium ion is the same as a neon atom

  20. Chlorine • A gain of one electron gives chlorine an octet and converts a chlorine atom into a chloride ion. • It has the same electron configuration as argon

  21. Gain of valence electrons

  22. Section 7.1 practice #1: 1. How many valence electrons does each of the following atoms have? gallium fluorine selenium

  23. Section 7.1 practice #2: 2. For each element below, state (i) the number of valence electrons in the atom, (ii) the electron dot structure, and (iii) the chemical symbol(s) for the most stable ion. Ba I K

  24. Section 7.1 practice #3 3. Write the electron configuration for each of the following atoms and ions. • K atom • K ion c. Na atom d. Na ion e. Phosphorous atom f. Phosphide ion

  25. Section 7.1 practice #4 4. How many electrons will each element gain or lose in forming an ion? State whether the resulting ion is a cation or an anion. a. strontium (Sr) b. tellurium (Te) c. Bromine (Br) d. aluminum (Al) e. rubidium (Rb) f. Phosphorus (P)

  26. 7.2Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

  27. 7.2 Main Idea Oppositely charged ions attract each other forming electrically neutral ionic compounds.

  28. 7.2 Objectives Describe the formation of ionic bonds and the structure of ionic compounds Generalize about the strength of ionic bonds based on the physical properties of ionic bonds Categorize ionic bond formation as exothermic or endothermic

  29. Review Vocabulary & Concepts Compound Chemical bond Physical property Chemical property Electronegativity

  30. New Vocabulary Ionic bond Ionic compound Crystal lattice Binary compound Electrolyte

  31. Formation of an Ionic Bond • Electrons are exchanged between atoms • Increases stability of both • Ions are held together by the opposite charges

  32. Definition of Ionic Bond • Bond formed between two elements with an electronegativity difference > 1.7 • Crystallize as sharply defined particles

  33. VideoAnother Video

  34. Binary Ionic Compounds • Formed from a metal and a non-metal • Contain only two elements • Examples • NaCl • MgO • CaCl2 • Fe2O3

  35. Formation of Ionic Compounds • Net charge on all ions in a compound must be zero (0)! • More on this later!!!

  36. Properties of Ionic Compounds Anion Cation Crystal Lattice: Highly organized crystal of cations and anions

  37. Properties of Ionic Compounds Crystalline shape depends on the ions involved

  38. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Physical properties • Very strong • Solid at normal temperatures • Very high melting point and boiling point • Many have brilliant colors due to transition metals • Hard, rigid • Brittle

  39. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Conductivity (ability for electric charge to move through a substance • Solids have electrons locked in place • Non conductive • Aqueous solutions have easily moveable electrons • Electrolytes • Good conductors

  40. Properties of Ionic Compounds PolarDissolution Dissolve in water May have radically different properties than the elements that compose them

  41. Water and ionic bonds

  42. Properties of Ionic Compounds Formation of lattice is always exothermic.

  43. Section Summary Ionic compounds contain ionic bonds formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions. Ions in an ionic compound are arranged in a repeating pattern called a lattice. Ionic compounds are electrolytes; they conduct electricity in liquid and aqueous states.

  44. Can you… Describe the formation of ionic bonds and the structure of ionic compounds Generalize about the strength of ionic bonds based on the physical properties of ionic bonds Categorize ionic bond formation as exothermic or endothermic

  45. 7.3 Names and Formulas for Ionic Compounds

  46. 7.3 Big Idea In written names and formulas for ionic compounds, the cation appears first, followed by the anion.

  47. 7.3 Objectives • Relate a formula unit of an ionic compound to its composition • Write formulas for ionic compounds and oxyanions. • Apply naming conventions to ionic compounds and oxyanions.

  48. Review Vocabulary & Concepts Anion Cation Metal Non-metal

  49. New Vocabulary Formula unit Monatomic ion Polyatomic ion Oxidation number Oxyanion

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