Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry • The study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties Hydrocarbons • Alkanes- Saturated hydrocarbons Saturated- contains single bonds General Formula is CnH2n+2 where n = the number of carbon atoms

Con. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons - contains multiple bonds 2. Alkenes – contains at least one double bond CnH2n • Alkynes- contains at least one triple bond CnH2n-2 How are they arranged? -in a straight line, branched or a ring structure(uses the prefix cyclo-)

Other Organic Compounds Functional Groups • the portion of a molecule that determines the properties of organic compounds • Consists of other elements such as O, halogens, and nitrogen

Naming Alkanes • Find the parent- longest continuous chain of Carbon atoms a. Add the suffix –ane to the prefix corresponding to the number of carbon atoms • Find the branches-look on sheet • Number the parent starting at the end closest to the branch. The branch must be identified

Con. • The location and name of each branch are followed by the root alkane name ***Branches are put in alphabetical order. ***Use prefixes di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), etc. to indicate multiple identical branches

Cyclic Alkanes • Ringed carbon atoms • CnH2n • Simplest cyclic alkane is C3H6, cyclopropane • Represented by the following:

Naming Cyclic Alkanes • Follow the same rules as alkanes except the root name is preceded by cyclo • The ring is numbered to give the smallest number to the branches

Naming Alkenes and Alkynes • Follow the rules for Alkanes • Differences • Use the suffixes –ene (double bond) and –yne (triple bond) • Number the carbon atoms so that the double bond has the lowest # • Specify the position of the double bond

Naming Functional Groups • Follow the rules for hydrocarbons with branched chains. • Drop the –e and add the appropriate suffix

Representing Organic Molecules • Chemical Formula • Structural Formula • Skeletal Formula- shows the carbon framework only as lines representing bonds

Organic Chemistry