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Urbanization

Urbanization. Introduction to Global Studies XIDS 2301. Map 18 Urbanization. An increasing number of people in cities. An increasing rate of urbanization. Urbanization rate. Growth in urbanization rate. Megacities in 2003. Distribution of urban population by city size.

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Urbanization

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  1. Urbanization Introduction to Global StudiesXIDS 2301

  2. Map 18 Urbanization

  3. An increasing number of people in cities

  4. An increasing rate of urbanization

  5. Urbanization rate Growth in urbanization rate

  6. Megacities in 2003

  7. Distribution of urban population by city size *The share of the world’s, MDC’s, and LDC’s urban populations concentrated in megacities is increasing, but . . .

  8. “Overurbanization” What? Why?

  9. Squatting Southeast Asia South America

  10. Informal Economy South America Africa

  11. Urbanization:Local and Global Forces Push or Pull?

  12. Cities will account for virtually all future world population growth Ninety five percent of this will occur in the urban areas of developing countries Dhaka, Kinshasa, Lagos  40 times larger than they were in 1950 (compare to London, 7 times larger in 1910 than 1800 Huge cities—Mexico city expected to grow to 50 million, almost 40 percent of the National total Three-quarters of burden of future world pop growth will be borne by smaller cities “there is little or no planning to accommodate these people or provide them with Services” Why the rapid growth? Manufacturing growth. But most of developing world lacks this— Urbanization is decoupled from industrialization and “development” and rising Agricultural productivity Urbanization without industrialization Why? Economic liberalization—declining safety nets, farmers competing in global commodity Mkts, more vulnerable to exogeneous shocks: drought, inflation, falling prices, etc. Plus unstable wars, combining with economic dislocations, were ravaging countrysides Global forces are “pushing” people from the countryside—mechanization of ag, importers, civil war and drought, Comptition with industrial-scale agribusiness; the “pull” is weakened by stagnant growth Population growth without investment in infrastructure, educational facilities, public health systems

  13. Slum growth—urbanization and slum growth are synonymous Since 1970, slum growth has outpaced urbanization Mexico City– 60 percent of city’s growth was slum growth Sao Paulo—slums were 1.2 percent in 1973, 20 percent in 1993 In Amazon, 80 percent of city growth is in slums In South Asia 90 percent of urban growth was slum growth Of 500k who migrate to Delhi each year, 400k end up in slums; by 2015 will have slum pop of 10 million In Africa, fastest slum growth on earth. Growing twice as fast as overall city growth In Kenya, 85 percent of city growth was slum growth Cities of the future quote on page 19 “The state does nothing here quote on page 62 Squatting and informal economy Strategy has shifted from eliminating slums and/or poverty to improving them; they are now the solution and not the problem—self-help, incremental construction and legalization

  14. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/dharavi-mumbai-slum/dharavi-video-interactivehttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/dharavi-mumbai-slum/dharavi-video-interactive

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