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Police in America. Chapter Two The History of American Police. The English Heritage. English Common Law High value placed on individual rights Court system Various forms of punishment Different law enforcement agencies. Law Enforcement in Colonial America. Sheriff
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Police in America Chapter Two The History of American Police
The English Heritage • English Common Law • High value placed on individual rights • Court system • Various forms of punishment • Different law enforcement agencies
Law Enforcement in Colonial America • Sheriff • Appointed by colonial governor • Chief local government official • Law enforcement • Collect taxes • Conduct elections • Maintain bridges and roads • Constable • Some responsibility for enforcing law and maintaining order • Originally elected, later appointed
American Policing in the 19th Century • Personnel Standards • None • Selection based on political connections • Patrol • Foot patrol • No communications system • In time, call boxes emerged • Weak supervision • Citizen violence caused the carrying of firearms • Major social welfare institution • Corrupt
American Policing in the 20th Century • Professionalism • Define policing as a profession • Eliminate influence of politics • Hire qualified chief executives • Raise personnel standards • Modern management principles • Specialized units • Police subculture created • Unions
American Policing in the 20th Century • Communications technology • Patrol car • Two way radio • Telephone • New agencies • FBI created • Crisis of the 1960’s • Supreme Court • Civil Rights Movement • Research
New Developments • Changing police officer • Race and gender • Control of police discretion • Policies and SOP • Lawsuits • Unions • Significant improvement in salaries and benefits • Civilian oversight • Community policing and problem-oriented policing • Race and ethnic conflicts
Law Enforcement in Colonial America • Watch • Watchmen patrolled to guard against • Fire • Crime • Disorder • Originally, only night watch • All males were expected to serve • Slave Patrol • Distinctly American • Guard against slave revolts and capture runaway slaves