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Estimating segregation and diversity of ethnic groups over time in England and Wales, 1991-2001 Albert Sabater Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research Understanding Population Trends and Processes.
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Estimating segregation and diversity of ethnic groups over time in England and Wales, 1991-2001 Albert Sabater Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research Understanding Population Trends and Processes
Estimating segregation and diversity of ethnic groups over time in England and Wales, 1991-2001 • Outline • Motivation • Main aims • Data (census and full estimates) • Method (indices of segregation and diversity) • Results (nationally and for some LADs)
Motivation (recent views of segregation) • Segregation at levels of black ghettoes in US cities (Guardian, 1 Sept 2005); • Are we sleepwalking towards apartheid? (Sunday Times, 18 Sept 2005); • Multiculturalism is falling to bring Britain’s races together (Ted Cantle, Times, 21 Sept 2005); • Debate based on the view that too many Black people or too many Asians living together is a problem, while the same dominance by White people is acceptable. (GLA, 10 Nov 2005).
Main aims • Examine the impact of using census output on measures of segregation and diversity; • Analyse segregation measures over time using cohort comparisons; • Evaluate challenges posed by boundary revisions.
Data Two data sources • Census output as published (CASWEB) • Full population estimates (CCSR, soon at ESDS)
Method • Index of Dissimilarity (an unequal geographical spread); • Index of Isolation (high proportion of ethnic groups); • Reciprocal Diversity Index (approximate equality of numbers of each ethnic group).
Let's recapitulate objective 1 • Examine the impact of using census output on measures of segregation and diversity; Example…
Index of dissimilarity between 91-01 for EW-measured across wards-
Index of isolation between 91-01 for EW-measured across wards-
Index of diversity between 91-01 for LADs of EW 2001 Full estimates 1991 Full estimates
Let's recapitulate objective 2 • Analyse segregation measures over time using cohort comparisons; Example… 1991 2001 Aged 0-6 10-16
Let's recapitulate objective 3 • Evaluate challenges posed by boundary revisions. Example…
Index of dissimilarity between 91-01 for EW and Leicester-measured across wards-
To sum up • Ethnic groups have become more evenly distributed since 1991; • Groups with a recent history of immigration (African, Pakistani and Bangladeshi) have increased their average local concentration since 1991; • Diversity is increasing, and becoming more widespread; • Ethnic groups vary their evenness and exposure at different life-stages; • The impact of boundary changes is significant and can be of the same order of changes over time.
Dissemination of full estimates Summary ward data available at www.ccsr.ac.uk/popla/TimeSeriesOutput.shtml