Residential Segregation and Diversity in California

1. Residential Segregation and Diversity in California Juan Onésimo Sandoval Northwestern University Hans P. Johnson PPIC Sonya M. Tafoya PPIC

2. Outline • Motivation for study • Research Questions and Design • Empirical Findings • Summary • Directions for Future Research

3. Motivation for Study • What is segregation? • Choice of an index

4. Research Question • How diverse are California neighborhoods? • How stable are diverse neighborhoods? • How did the growing Latino and Asian populations impact neighborhood diversity or segregation?

5. Research Design • Definition of Neighborhood • Racial Categories • Diversity Index

6. Diversity Index where: Hi= Diversity index for tract j P(i)=Proportion of the tract population in race/ethnic group k=the total number of racial/ethnic categories Diversity score will range from 0=(Homogeneous) to 100=(Heterogeneous)

7. California’s 2000 population diversity score was “58” Diverse – Greater Than 75 Somewhat Diverse – 75 to 60 Somewhat Segregated – 59 to 45 Segregated – Less than 45

8. The percent of census tracts that were Latino majority significantly increased Percentage

9. The percent of segregated census tracts declined from 1990 to 2000 Percentage

10. White neighborhoods become more diverse Percentage

11. Latino neighborhoods tend to be somewhat segregated or segregated Percentage

12. One in five black neighborhoods were segregated in 2000 Percentage

13. Asian neighborhoods were diverse or somewhat diverse in 2000 Percentage

14. 1990 racially diverse neighborhoods remained diverse in 2000

15. Vallejo and Pittsburg had the highest neighborhood diversity scores in 2000 Diversity Score

16. East Los Angeles had lowest neighborhood diversity score in 2000 Diversity Score

17. Rancho Cordova had the biggest change in the diversity score that increased diversity Difference in Diversity Score

18. South Gate had the biggest change in the diversity score that increased segregation Florence- Graham Pico Rivera East Los Huntington Paramount Baldwin South Gate Angeles Park Park 0 -5 -10 -9 -9 -9 Diversity Score -10 -11 -11 -15 -20 -20 -25

19. Neighborhoods in Los Angeles were the most likely not to reflect the diversity of the city Gap in Potential Diversity Score

28. Summary • California neighborhoods are becoming more diverse. • Diverse neighborhoods were stable. • Neighborhoods in the Bay Area were the most diverse in 2000 • Neighborhoods in Los Angeles were the least diverse in 2000

29. Directions for Future Research • Compute an income diversity index • Analyze other dimensions of segregation • Extend this analysis to other states