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End of WWI

End of WWI. End of War. 2 nd Battle of the Marne (July 1918) Ferdinand Foch puts 200K new U.S. soldiers intermixed with experienced soldiers Pushes German army out of France to German border German Generals tell Kaiser Wilhelm II war can’t be won Austria-Hungary quits (Oct 1918)

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End of WWI

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  1. End of WWI

  2. End of War • 2nd Battle of the Marne (July 1918) • Ferdinand Foch puts 200K new U.S. soldiers intermixed with experienced soldiers • Pushes German army out of France to German border • German Generals tell Kaiser Wilhelm II war can’t be won • Austria-Hungary quits (Oct 1918) • German soldiers revolt (Nov 1918) “ No more fighting” – Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates • Nov. 11 – Armistice day – Germans agree to end fighting

  3. Effects of WWI • 9 Million soldiers dead • 21 Million soldiers wounded • 13 Million civilians were dead of disease or starvation • Armenian genocide by Ottoman Turks – massacre of 500K-1M Armenians for their support in helping the Allies • Absolute Monarchies in Europe destroyed • Increased political and social instability

  4. WWI different from other wars: • Number of casualties • Use of new technologies • Scope of war – number of countries involved • Colonies participated in hopes of gaining their independence • Asian and African colonies expected citizenship or independence • Arabs wanting freedom from Ottoman Turks helped the British • Amount of destruction

  5. Woodrow Wilson’s (US President) 14 points – peace plan • Freedom of the seas and trade • Arms limitations • End to secret alliances • Self-rule for all nations • No punishments to Germany • League of Nations – an organization of world nations to settle future problems peacefully

  6. Paris Peace Conference – delegates from 27 nations signed the Treaty of Versailles • “Big Four” - George Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (Britain), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), Woodrow Wilson, (US) • Central Powers not invited • Each nation had differing goals, Wilson had to compromise on his 14 Points • Five different Treaties signed with each of the Central Powers ( including a separate one with newly created Hungary) • Most Important – Treaty of Versailles with Germany

  7. Treaty of Versailles – the treaty was a R.A.W. deal for Germany • R. Reparations were forced on Germany • German war reparations – $33 B • A. Allies Punish Germany - took German land/limit German military • German army reduced, • German weapons - can’t manufacture or buy weapons, no airforce • Germany to return Alsace-Lorraine to France • France gets control of Saar Basin (rich in coal deposits) • Occupation of the Rhineland • Germany stripped of Colonies • W. War Guilt was forced on Germany • Germany must sign “war blame” clause

  8. New nations established • Finland • Estonia • Latvia • Lithuania • Czechoslovakia • Yugoslavia • Yugoslavia created a united Slavic country on the Balkan Peninsula • Poland

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