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MORPHOLOGY

MORPHOLOGY. READ 7370: Linguistics for Educators Dr. Melissa Comer. Word Classes and Affixes. Main Divisions of Word Classes (Parts of Speech):. Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs. Content Words Function Words. Conjunctions Prepositions Articles Pronouns.

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MORPHOLOGY

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  1. MORPHOLOGY READ 7370: Linguistics for Educators Dr. Melissa Comer Word Classes and Affixes

  2. Main Divisions of Word Classes (Parts of Speech): • Nouns • Verbs • Adjectives • Adverbs • Content Words • Function Words • Conjunctions • Prepositions • Articles • Pronouns

  3. Morpheme: The minimal unit of meaning Free morpheme: a single morpheme that constitutes a word and can stand alone. Bound morpheme: a morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme.

  4. Example of Bound/Free Morphemes • Retroactive = retro + act + ive Free morpheme = act Bound morpheme = retro-, -ive

  5. English Affixes(based on the position) Prefix: An affix that occurs before a morpheme Suffix: An affix that occurs after a morpheme

  6. English Prefixes Examples of Negative Prefixes: un- non- dis- a- Examples of size and degree prefixes: mini- sub- over- super-

  7. English Suffixes Class preserving suffixation: -er  lecturer -ian librarian -ist  scientist -let  piglet • Class changing suffixation: • Verb  Noun • perform performance • Adjective  Adverb • nice  nicely • Adjective  Noun • active  activity

  8. Affixes(based on the function) Inflections vs. Derivations

  9. Definition • Derivational morpheme: deriving (creating) a new word with a new meaning. • Inflectional morpheme: changing the form of a word because of the rules of syntax.

  10. English Inflectional Morphemes Nouns –s plural –’s possessive Verbs –s third person singular present –ed past tense –en past participle –ing progressive Adjectives –er comparative –est superlative

  11. Some examples of English Derivational Morpheme • -ic : Noun  Adj ; alcohol  alcoholic • -ance : Verb  Noun ; clear  clearance • -ly : Adj  Adv ; exact  exactly • -ity : Adj  Noun ; active  activity • -able : Verb  Adj ; read  readable • -ship : Noun  Noun ; friend  friendship • re- : Verb  Verb ; cover  recover • in- : Adj  Adj ; definite  indefinite

  12. Describe the italic affixes: Derivational prefix Inflectional suffix Derivational suffix Inflectional suffix Derivational prefix Derivational suffix Inflectional suffix • impossible • terrorized • terrorize • desks • dislike • humanity • fastest

  13. Describe the italic affixes: premature untie darken fallen oxen faster lecturer Derivational prefix Derivational prefix Derivational suffix Inflectional suffix Inflectional suffix Inflectional suffix Derivational suffix

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