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Digestive Hormones

Digestive Hormones. Gastrin family Gastrin and CCK Secretin family Secretin, VIP, GIP, and GLP-1 Others Motilin. PLAY. Animation: Digestive System: Control of the Digestive System. THE DIGESTIVE HORMONES. Digestion and Absorption. A villus and a crypt in the small intestine.

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Digestive Hormones

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  1. Digestive Hormones • Gastrin family • Gastrin and CCK • Secretin family • Secretin, VIP, GIP, and GLP-1 • Others • Motilin PLAY Animation: Digestive System: Control of the Digestive System

  2. THE DIGESTIVE HORMONES

  3. Digestion and Absorption A villus and a crypt in the small intestine Figure 21-13

  4. Carbohydrate Digestion: Breakdown to monosaccharide, which can be absorbed Figure 21-14

  5. Carbohydrate Absorption in the Small Intestine Figure 21-15

  6. Enzymes for Protein Digestion Figure 21-16

  7. Peptide Absorption Figure 21-17

  8. Digestion and Absorption Triglycerides digest into monoglycerides and free fatty acids Figure 21-18

  9. Digestion and Absorption of Fats Large fat droplets from stomach Bile salts from liver Bile salts from liver coat fat droplets. 1 1 2 Pancreatic lipase and colipase break down fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids stored in micelles. Emulsion Bile salts recycled Lipase and colipase 2 Micelles Lumen of small intestine 3b Monoglycerides and fatty acids move out of micelles and enter cells by diffusion. 3a 3a Smooth ER 3b Cholesterol is transported into cells by a membrane transporter. 4 Triglycerides + cholesterol + protein Cells of small intestine Chylomicron Golgi apparatus Absorbed fats combine with cholesterol and proteins in the intestinal cells to form chylomicrons. 4 5 Interstitial fluid Lacteal Capillary Chylomicrons are released into the lymphatic system. 5 Lymph to vena cava Figure 21-19

  10. Digestion and Absorption The role of bile salts in emulsions and micelles Figure 21-20

  11. Digestion and Absorption • Nucleic acids are digested into nitrogenous bases and monosaccharides • Intestine absorbs vitamins and minerals • Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) absorbed with fats in small intestines • Water-soluble vitamins (C, B vitamins) absorbed by mediated transport • Exception: Vitamin B12when complexed to intrinsic factor, secreted in the stomach, and absorbed in ileum • Minerals absorbed by active transport

  12. Digestion and Absorption NaCl reabsorption in the small intestine and colon Figure 21-21

  13. Digestion and Absorption Summary of motility, secretion, digestion, and absorption in different regions of the digestive system PLAY Animation: Digestive System: Digestion and Absorption Figure 21-22

  14. 3 PHASES OF FOOD PROCESSING • Cephalic Phase • Gastric Phase • Intestinal Phase

  15. The Cephalic Phase • Chemical and mechanical digestion begins in the mouth • Salivary secretion under autonomic control • Softens and lubricates food • Chemical digestion: Salivary amylase and some lipase • Saliva is protection as well • Chewing: mastication

  16. Swallowing Reflex Figure 21-24, step 1

  17. Swallowing Reflex Figure 21-24, step 2

  18. Swallowing Reflex Figure 21-24, step 3

  19. Swallowing Reflex Figure 21-24

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