The War in the Pacific

1. The War in the Pacific • US conducts “island hopping” campaign across the Pacific towards Japan

3. The Battle of Midway “The most decisive 10 minutes of the war” Japanese lose 4 aircraft carriers in 10 minutes. Japan forced to withdrawal

4. B-29 bombing ranges B-29 Bomber Range

5. B-29 Pictures

6. Iwo Jima and Okinawa (Feb-Jun 1945) • Retakes Guam, Philippines, • Invades Iwo Jima • Famous USMC flag raising picture • Invades Okinawa • Massive casualties in each of the last two battles. • Japanese fighting to the last man

7. Note the plane about to crash into this ship Kamikaze “The Divine Wind” • -Japanese pilots trained to make a suicidal crash attack upon a ship. • -Their airplanes were often loaded with explosives

8. B-29 bombing ranges B-29 Bomber Range US is now in range to bomb Japan effectively

9. Firebombing Japan 100,000 killed in one night

10. Invade Japan??? • Decision needs to be made – Do we invade Japan. • Estimated it would cost the US 1 MILLION casualties. • Japan not likely to ever surrender • Possibility that it would only end when every Japanese person was dead

11. The Decision • President Harry S Truman decides to use the US’s new secret weapon – the atomic bomb

12. The Atomic Bomb Most powerful weapon ever created up to that time. Equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT exploding all at once

13. Atomic Bombings and the Surrender of Japan • Aug 6, 1945: Hiroshima • Aug 9, 1945: Nagasaki

15. The Decision to Bomb • Hiroshima— bombed August 6, 1945 • Dropped by a B29 called the “Enola Gay” • 65,000 dead • Japanese still refuse to surrender

16. Hiroshima Before the Bomb

17. Hiroshima After the Bomb

21. Melted glass

22. Permanent “Shadows” made by the light of the blast

23. All this man left was his shadow

24. The Second Bomb • Nagasaki—bombed Aug. 9, 1945 • 50,000 dead • Japan announces surrender (August 15th) • According to terms of formal surrender, they get to keep their emperor

26. Japanese Internment (Removal) • Japan's alliance with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in 1940 focused world attention on the Asian nation's military power and imperial ambition. • The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 plunged the United States into war and planted the notion of Japanese treachery in the minds of Americans.

27. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 authorizing military authorities to exclude "any and all persons" from designated areas of the country as necessary for national defense.

28. Internment (Camp) • By the end of 1942, more than 120,000 men, women, and children of Japanese ancestry had been uprooted from their homes. • final destinations would be one of 10 camps — "instant cities" — constructed by the War Relocation Authority in seven states. • Deeply isolated from the rest of America, these "evacuees" — 65 percent of whom were American citizens — would spend up to four years imprisoned,

29. 442nd Regiment • What is it? • Who was in it? • What was the purpose of it? • What were some of its “accomplishments”? • An account of a Soldier in the 442nd Regiment… • Reactions of the 442nd Regiment… • Statistics of 106th Infantry, sector of the 442nd Regiment By: Valerie Lau

30. What is it? The 442nd Regiment, also known as the all- Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team, was part of an elite army who fought faithfully for the United States of America during World War II.

31. What were some of their accomplishments? • Most decorated combat unit of war. • Italian campaign: (1/4 casualties) • Captured Bruyeres in house-to-house fighting • Saved the“Lost Battalion” in the Vosges Mountains of Germany