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Human Anatomy

Human Anatomy. Peripheral Nervous System PNS Part II. 2 Components of PNS. 12 pr. of cranial nerves 31 pr. of spinal nerves. 2. Spinal Nerves. 31 pair. Structure of a Nerve. Structure of a Nerve. Similar to muscle Epineurium – surrounds the entire nerve.

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Human Anatomy

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  1. Human Anatomy Peripheral Nervous System PNS Part II

  2. 2 Components of PNS • 12 pr. of cranial nerves • 31 pr. of spinal nerves

  3. 2. Spinal Nerves 31 pair

  4. Structure of a Nerve

  5. Structure of a Nerve • Similar to muscle • Epineurium – surrounds the entire nerve

  6. Structure of a Nerve • Similar to muscle 2. perimysium– surrounds a fascicle Fascicle – a bundle of neurons

  7. Structure of a Nerve • Similar to muscle 3. Endomysium – surrounds each neuron

  8. Types of Nerves • Sensory – all neurons in all fascicles going from periphery to spinal cord • Motor – all neurons in all fascicles going from spinal cord to skeletal muscle • Mixed – neurons within the nerve going in different directions BUT not within the same fascicles. • All neurons within a single fascicle are going in only one direction

  9. Structure of a Nerve

  10. Dermatome • Each pair of spinal nerves monitors a specific region of the body’s skin. • This specific region of skin is a dermatome.

  11. Dermatome Map shingles

  12. Nerve Plexus Network of spinal nerves A plexus produces peripheral nerves

  13. Nerve Plexus • There are four nerve plexuses. • Cervical (C1 – C5) • Brachial (C5 – T1) • Lumbar (T12 – L4) • Sacral (L5 – Co1)

  14. Study Hint for the Plexus Nerves • Make a table with 6 columns • The headings for the 3 columns (L to R) should be: • Name • Function • Deficiency

  15. 1. Cervical Plexus

  16. 1. Cervical Plexus • Innervate swallowing muscles of larynx • Skin of upper chest, shoulder, neck and ear • Phrenic n.– innervates the diaphragm • Phrenic n. is a peripheral n. having contributions from 3 spinal nerves (C3-5).

  17. 1. Cervical Plexus

  18. 2. Brachial Plexus

  19. 2. Brachial Plexus • Innervates muscles and skin of upper extremities • Axillary n. – deltoid and shoulder skin • Radial n. – posterior upper extremities • Musculocutaneous – anterior arm 4. & 5. Median and Ulnar – anterior forearm and anterior hand • Ring finger – dual innervation

  20. 2. Brachial Plexus

  21. 2. Brachial Plexus 1. Regions easily damaged • Upper • Lower 2.

  22. Brachial Plexus Damage • Upper and lower damage • Upper plexus damage • Caused when the neck and shoulder are excessively separated • Erb-Duchenne Palsy • “waiter’s tip” position • Paralysis of biceps, teres minor • Damage to the musculocutaneous n.

  23. Brachial Plexus Damage • Lower plexus damage • Caused by forceful upward pull of upper extremity • Klumpke’s Palsy • Involves the ulnar n. • Paralysis of some wrist and finger m. • Reduced sensation to ulnar side of forearm and hand

  24. Brachial Plexus Damage • Crutch Palsy • Crutches too long • Damages radial nerve • Wrist drop

  25. 3. Lumbosacral Plexus • Combination of 2 plexuses • Innervates muscles and skin of lower extremities

  26. 3. Lumbosacral Plexus • Femoral n. -- anterior thigh • Obturator n. – medial thigh • Sciatic n. – posterior thigh, largest nerve in body • Sciatic nerve divides in the popliteal fossa • Common peroneal n. – anterior leg, prone to damage at head of fibula • Tibial n. – posterior leg

  27. 3. Lumbosacral Plexus

  28. 3. Lumbosacral Plexus

  29. 3. Lumbosacral Plexus

  30. 3. Lumbosacral Plexus

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