Happy Thursday 

1. Happy Thursday 1. What gave the Jacksonians the edge in the 1828 election was their portrayal of Jackson as A. an aristocratic gentleman in the mold of Washington and Jefferson. B. a military hero determined to make the United States a world power. C. an intellectual despite his limited formal education. D. an authentic man of the common people. 2. When he vetoed its re-charter bill, Jackson argued that the Second Bank of the United States Overextended financial credit Was a privileged monopoly of the rich Was too lenient in its loan policies Refused to pay off the national debt

2. Please take out your web quests from yesterday…  QUIZ TI ME!

3. Quiz- EXPLAIN THOROUGHLY 1. What changes in the US were taking place during the 19th century? How did these changes lead to the desire for social reform? 2. What role did religion and the revival movement play in supporting the desire for social reform? What “impurities”/sins needed to be addressed?

4. Religious Reform • Second Great Awakening • Rejected idea of Pre-Destination from John Calvin • Focus was individual'sresponsibility to have relationship with God • Revivals • Up to 20,000 people; meetings of worshipand study; could last for days • Charles Finney- Evangelist- travelling preacher

5. Religious Reform continued…. • African American Religion • thousands of African Americans began attending church; for religiousreasons& social reasons • African Americans interpreted the message as one of freedom for their people

6. Transcendentalism • Philosophical literary movement • Focus on simple living; centered around nature& self reliance • Transcendentalist Authors • Henry David Thoreau • Ralph Waldo Emerson

7. Utopian Communities • Experimental groups of people; attempted to create the “perfect” community- everyone was equal and did their share; Simple Life • Communities: • George Ripley: Brook Farm, transcendental community • New Harmony, Indiana

8. Mental Health and Prison Reform • Early 19th century- prisoners lived in horrible conditions and received horrible treatment • Dorothea Dix- Social reformer • Visited a Massachusetts prison in 1843 • Wrote about treatment of prisoners • Reported that mentally ill were imprisoned with every day criminals • Findings led to first asylums

9. Education Reform • 1830’s- Americans began to demand tax supported public schools • 1850’s- every state had public supported elementary schools • Horace Mann • Leader in the public school reform • Secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education • Established teacher training programs and curriculum reforms in Massachusetts

10. “If we do not prepare children to become good citizens,… if we do not enrich their minds with knowledge, the our republic must go down to destruction, as others have gone before it.”

11. Women’s Movement Widely held views • Women- inferiorto men • Women should attend only to household and family duties • Business, government, & politics should be handled by men • Family life was threatened by taking women out of the household to work

12. Women’s Movement continued… • Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott • Meeting of over 300 women from all over the nation gathered to voice grievances against their place in society • Declaration of Sentiments- declared all men and women are created equal • Signed by 68 women, 32 men • “grand basis for attaining the civil, social, political, and religious rights of women”- Frederick Douglass

13. Slavery and Abolition • The North- slavery existed in some form until the 1840’s • The South- about 4 million African Americans lived in slavery • Most enslaved people lived on Southern Plantations • Cotton was the main crop grown • Some enslaved people were skilled as blacksmiths, bricklayers, and carpenters

15. Slavery and Abolition continued… Slaves were provided with inadequate food, clothing, and shelter Slaves seldom received medical care; sickness rarely stopped their work Slaves had no legal rights because they were viewed as property

16. Slavery and Abolition continued… Punishments for slaves included beating, whipping, starving, and threats, to ensure obedience Myth of the “Happy Slave” Southerners use “gag rule” to counter petitions in Congress to discuss slavery Children were separated from parents, brothers from their sisters, and husbands from wives

18. Slavery and Abolition continued… Slave Revolts • Nat Turner’s Rebellion • Nat Turner led a slave revolt in 1830 • became the deadliest slave revolt in US history • Gathered 80 followers and killed 60 whites before his capture • In response, white owners killed over 200 slaves to discourage any future rebellions • New laws limited the movements & meetings of slaves (Black Codes)

20. Slavery and Abolition continued… Abolition movement- a campaign to abolish, or end slavery Abolitionists-people who called for the outlaw of slavery

21. Slavery and Abolition continued… William Lloyd Garrison • Radical white abolitionist • editor of The Liberator Sarah and Angelina Grimke • fought against slavery and advocated for women’s rights

22. Slavery and Abolition continued… Frederick Douglas • former slave & famous abolitionist speaker • started anti-slavery newspaper called The North Star Harriet Beecher Stowe • Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

23. VIDEO http://www.learner.org/courses/amerhistory/units/8/video/ 3- Things you learned 2- Idea you agree with 1- Question you still have