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Learners First: Explicit Language Instruction in EAP Writing Courses

Learners First: Explicit Language Instruction in EAP Writing Courses. Gena Bennett http://genabennett.googlepages.com. Learners First. In making decisions about grammar in the L2 writing classroom, Byrd and Reid (1998) advocate beginning with learners rather than structures .

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Learners First: Explicit Language Instruction in EAP Writing Courses

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  1. Learners First:Explicit Language Instruction in EAP Writing Courses Gena Bennett http://genabennett.googlepages.com

  2. Learners First • In making decisions about grammar in the L2 writing classroom, Byrd and Reid (1998) advocate beginning with learners rather than structures. • Ferris (2008) cautions against expecting error free writing. • Error analysis helps to prioritize language instruction.

  3. Computer-Aided Error Analysis(CEA) • CEA is the use of computers to analyse learner errors in a learner corpus. • Areas for CEA in L2 Writing Instruction • Grammar, Lexis, Pragmatics, Discourse

  4. Tools • Error tagging code • Learner essays • Collaborators for reliability (ideally!) • Concordancing program • Classroom Materials

  5. Error Tagging Code

  6. Error Tagging Code • General Codes • Verbs • Noun endings • Articles • Word Choice • Sentence Structure • Mechanics

  7. Learner Essays (& Collaborators) What was_vt amazing about her is her perseverance. One day her mum told her to not attend Central High because it was a harsh_nonid decision they will_vt all regret, but she_pa said she had to go. Many teenage girls should_wc have given up at that time_c but Melba was more perseverant than ever when she said that.

  8. Concordancing Program • MonoConc, WordSmith Tools, TEXTStat • Search for error codes • Compile concordance lines

  9. Classroom Materials • Consciousness Raising/Noticing activities • Traditional grammar activities • Communicative activities

  10. Concordance Lines • Melba suffered for all black people and people who sacrifice their life for others are great warriors. • Melba was determined to fight for integration and determination is one of the characteristics of a warrior. • She had to give up almost all her hobbies for her new life and she was not supported by her circle. • Melba reacted with non violence and this is an unbelievable thing. • Melba suffered not only for her benefit but also for the rights of all black people. • She did not like to let the segregationist do their thing but she knew not responding to them was the best thing. • Melba fought not only so she could attend a good school but also so all black people could attend a good school.

  11. PPP Authentic Practice

  12. Conclusion • “…Learner corpora give us access not only to errors but to learners’ total interlanguage” (Granger, 1998, p. 6). • Instructors may be aware of their students’ difficulties, but the only way to uncover error in context and become more aware of general performance is through CEA. • CEA discloses pedagogical need and can lead to increased autonomy.

  13. References • Dagneaux, E., et al (1998). “Computer-aided error analysis”. System 26, p. 163-174. • Byrd, P., & Reid, J. (1998). Grammar in the composition classroom: Essays on teaching ESL for college-bound students. Boston: Heinle & Heinle. • Granger, S. (1998). Learner English on computer. London: Longman Publishers. • Granger, S. (1999). “Use of tenses by advanced EFL learners: evidence from an error-tagged computer corpus.” In Out of corpora: Studies in honour of Stig Johannson. Eds. H. Hasselgard & S. Oksefjell. Amsterdam: Rodopi, p. 191-202.

  14. References • Granger, S. (2002). “A bird’s-eye view of learner corpus research.” In Computer learner corpora, second language acquisition, and foreign language teaching. Eds. S. Granger, J. Hung, & S. Petch-Tyson. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing, p. 3-33. • Granger, S. (2003a). “The international corpus of learner English: a new resource for foreign language learning and teaching and second language acquisition research”. TESOL Quarterly 37(3), p. 538-546. • Granger, S. (2003b). “Error tagged learner corpora and CALL: a promising synergy.” CALICO Journal 20(3), p. 465-480. • Granger, S. (2004). “Computer learner corpus research: Current status and future prospects.” In Applied corpus linguistics: A multidimensional perspective. Eds. U. Connor & T.A. Upton. Amsterdam: Rodopi, p. 123-145.

  15. References • Hinkel, E. (2002). Second language writer's text: Linguistic and rhetorical features. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

  16. Learners First:Explicit Language Instruction in EAP Writing Courses Gena Bennett http://genabennett.googlepages.com

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