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Language Arts

Language Arts. Monday, March 10, 2014 . Reminders. Grammar Test #2 – corrections due by Tuesday Week #24 vocab quiz Thursday Punctuation quiz Thursday (4 th quarter grade) . Opening. Review What is a sentence fragment? A part of a sentence written as a complete sentence. Opening.

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Language Arts

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  1. Language Arts Monday, March 10, 2014

  2. Reminders • Grammar Test #2 – corrections due by Tuesday • Week #24 vocab quiz Thursday • Punctuation quiz Thursday (4th quarter grade)

  3. Opening Review • What is a sentence fragment? • A part of a sentence written as a complete sentence.

  4. Opening Review • What is a run-on sentence? • Two or more sentences written as one.

  5. Opening Review • What is a comma splice? • Joining two sentences with only a comma.

  6. Opening Review • Three ways to fix a run-on sentence: • Make it into separate sentences. • Add a comma and a coordinating conjunction. • Add a semicolon.

  7. Opening Review Three primary uses of a semicolon: 1. To join independent clauses that are not joined by a conjunction. 2. To separate complete sentences (independent clauses) that are joined by a conjunctive adverb (transitional word). 3. To separate items in a list when commas alone would be confusing.

  8. Work Time • WriteSource pg. 504 & 505 • Pg. 504 #2-6: correct the run-ons • Ex. (#1) land, and • Pg. 505: #1-4: rewrite and eliminate the redundancy. • Complete the Semicolon practice sheet (last page of the notes packet)

  9. Work Time • WriteSource p. 504 2. Many cargo and passenger ships visit Gibraltar’s harbor, for the safe harbor and mild climate make it a great place to stop for repairs. • Storks spend winters in Africa and summers in Europe, so they migrate over Gibraltar. • This limestone mountain was legendary to Ancient Greeks, and they called it one of the Pillars of Hercules. • In ancient times, the African Moors occupied Gibraltar, but it has also been controlled by Spain and England. • People use the Rock of Gibraltar as a symbol of strength, so they say something strong is “as solid as the Rock Gibraltar”

  10. Work Time WriteSource p. 505 • The water in Loch Ness is very deep. It stays about 42 degrees Farenheit (6 degrees Celsius), so it never freezes. • When numerous sightings of a monster were reported, scientists searched the lake with sonar equipment in the 1960s. This made people even more curious about the Loch Ness monster. • In 1972, when an underwater camera took pictures in Loch Ness, scientists studied the evidence of a monster and said the creature might be a sea cow. • After the monster legend began around the year 565 C.E., people began fearing attacks by the monster, and children were not allowed to play by the lake.

  11. Work Time • I want to wear the red shirt my favorite color is red. • Janie easily got an A on the test she studies very hard. • I hope I get a lot of presents today is my birthday. • The war is imminent the armies are ready.

  12. Work Time • I want to wear the red shirt; my favorite color is red. • Janie easily got an A on the test; she studies very hard. • I hope I get a lot of presents; today is my birthday. • The war is imminent; the armies are ready.

  13. Work Time • I am really tired I cannot get to sleep. • I am wearing a sweater and a jacket I am cold. • Our mission seemed impossible we tried our best to accomplish it.

  14. Work Time • I am really tired; however, I cannot get to sleep. (nevertheless, still) • I am wearing a sweater and a jacket; nevertheless, I am cold. (however, still) • Our mission seemed impossible; still, we tried our best to accomplish it. (nevertheless, however, indeed)

  15. Work Time • The store will be closed on the following days: Thursday, Dec. 24th Friday, Dec. 25th Saturday, Dec. 26th and Sunday, Dec. 27th. • The company hired three new employees: Robert, who was 42 years old Juan who was 28 years old and Dana, who was 24 years old.

  16. Work Time • The store will be closed on the following days: Thursday, Dec. 24th; Friday, Dec. 25th Saturday, Dec. 26th; and Sunday, Dec. 27th. • The company hired three new employees: Robert, who was 42 years old; Juan who was 28 years old; and Dana, who was 24 years old.

  17. Closing • Why is it important to know what a run on sentence is and how to fix it? • What are the three different ways to fix a run-on sentence?

  18. Opening Colons Rule One: use a colon to set off words in a list. • A colon must follow an independent clause and may not come between a subject and its verb. • Ex. An escapee carried few items: a knife, a flint, and a warm cloak. • Ex. Please give these positive perks to the following students: Bertha, Bartholomew, and Bob.

  19. Opening Colons Rule Two: use a colon between hours and minutes in time. • Ex. Our school day starts at 7:35 AM and 2:30 PM.

  20. Opening Colons Rule Three: use a colon after the salutation in a business letter. • Ex. Dear Mr. Smith: • Ex. To Whom It May Concern:

  21. Opening Colons Rule Four: use a colon to set off an important idea. • Ex. Directions: Underline the independent clause once and the dependent clause twice.

  22. Opening Hyphens Rule One: use a hyphen to divide a word when you run out of room at the end of a line. • A word may be divided ONLY between syllables. • A single syllable word cannot be divided. • Ex. Hades was plotting the destruction of Zeus, his brother, when he was inter- rupted by Pain and Panic.

  23. Opening Hyphens Rule Two: use a hyphen to form compound words, including numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine, and spelled-out fractions. • Ex. Thirty-eight, two-thirds, time-out

  24. Opening Hyphens Rule Three: use hyphens to create new words beginning with the prefixes self, ex, all, and great. • A hyphen is also used with suffixes such as elect, like, and free. • Ex. Bertha, his ex-girlfriend, is now a successful actress in Hollywood. • Ex. Self-destructive, germ-free, great-grandmother

  25. Opening Hyphens Rule Four: use a hyphen to join linked words together, especially if they are being used together as an adjective. • Ex. Coffee-breath Mrs. Smitten couldn’t figure out why none of the failing students accepted her help when she walked around the room during work time.

  26. Opening Dashes Rule One: use a dash (--) to show a sudden break in the sentence. • Ex. Bertha came down with a cold, had a runny nose, and a sore throat – all because she didn’t take her vitamins.

  27. Opening Dashes Rule Two: use a dash to emphasize or explain a word, a series of words, a phrase, or a clause. • Ex. Homework and study guides – critical elements to understanding the material – are important to complete on a timely basis.

  28. Opening Dashes Rule Three: use a dash to show that someone’s speech is being interrupted by another person. • Ex. Well – yes, I understand – no, I remember – oh – okay, thank you!

  29. Work Time • Complete the three worksheets demonstrating your understanding of how colons, hyphens, and dashes are properly used.

  30. Closing • Why is it important to your writing to know the difference in how colons, hyphens, and dashes are used?

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