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FIFTY YEARS & MORE OF HOVERCRAFT DEVELOPMENT SNAME and IHS Dinner Meeting 11 MAY 2011

FIFTY YEARS & MORE OF HOVERCRAFT DEVELOPMENT SNAME and IHS Dinner Meeting 11 MAY 2011. DAVID R. LAVIS BAND LAVIS DIVISION OF CDI MARINE. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION EARLY ENDEAVORS RAPID EXPANSION MAJOR CHALLENGES MOST SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS MANY ACV & SES PHOTOS & VIDEOS

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FIFTY YEARS & MORE OF HOVERCRAFT DEVELOPMENT SNAME and IHS Dinner Meeting 11 MAY 2011

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  1. FIFTY YEARS & MORE OF HOVERCRAFT DEVELOPMENTSNAME and IHS Dinner Meeting11 MAY 2011 DAVID R. LAVIS BAND LAVIS DIVISION OF CDI MARINE

  2. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION • EARLY ENDEAVORS • RAPID EXPANSION • MAJOR CHALLENGES • MOST SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS • MANY ACV & SES PHOTOS & VIDEOS • RECENT DEVELOPMENTS • CUSHION SEALS • PROPULSION • MANEUVERING CONTROL • DESIGN SOFTWARE • SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS & THE WAY AHEAD

  3. EARLY ENDEAVORS 1936 – Grandpa Lavis stumbles onto the idea of Amphibious Assault WELL, MY GRANDPA DID RUN A BOAT BUILDING BUSINESS

  4. EARLY ENDEAVORS SR-N1 in 1959 • RINA PAPER LISTS 30 • INVENTORS WITH PATENTS • PRIOR TO 1953. • AT LEAST 12 OTHERS DID • NOT FILE PATENTS. • 8 PATENTS FEATURED FLEXIBLE SKIRTS BEFORE SR-N1 CROSSED THE ENGLISH CHANNEL WITHOUT A SKIRT IN 1959.

  5. FABRIC SKIRT CRAFT WITH FLEXIBLE SKIRT BY PORTER, UK, 1908

  6. FLEXIBLE END SEALS BY BREGUET, FRANCE, 1922

  7. FLEXIBLE END SEALS AND CUSHION DIVIDER BY CRISTADORO, USA, 1942 Transverse Seal Air Supply Fans

  8. AVRO PROJECT-Y, FLYING SAUCER (1952 to 1962, CANADA) Click for web source Click for web source

  9. CURTIS-WRIGHT MODEL 2500 AIR CAR (USA)Operated in 1959 with 8-inch Flexible Skirt Click for Web Source

  10. EARLY ENDEAVORS (Contd.) • 1952 – 1960 ACV (GEM) DEVELOPMENT • CANADA (AV ROE); UK (Cockerell), USA (CURTIS-WRIGHT, GM, FORD, CONVAIR, MARTIN, BELL, GD, H. Chaplin, Beardsley, Bertelsen) • 1960 – HIGH-SPEED SES DEVELOPMENT • USANADC (A. Ford) & UK HDL (Cockerell) • 1960 – 1970 RAPID EXPANSION • UK, USA, CANADA, SWEDEN, NORWAY, FRANCE, JAPAN, RUSSIA, CHINA, AUSTRALIA

  11. TECHNOLOGY PROGRESSION 1963 USA 1959 UK UK 1980 USA 2004 FINLAND

  12. THE PRINCIPAL CHALLENGES • HIGH COST (LOW EFFICIENCY) PROPULSION • LOW RELIABILITY OF HIGH-POWERED SYSTEMS • NEED TO REDUCE AIRBORNE NOISE • PERFORMANCE SENSITIVE TO WEIGHT GROWTH • TWO ADDITIONAL SYSTEMS (SKIRTS + AIR SUPPLY) • SKIRT MAINTENANCE (MINIMIZED BY GOOD DESIGN) • SPEED LOSS IN A SEAWAY • CHALLENGING MANEUVERABILITY • SAFETY (HIGH-SPEED NAVIGATION)

  13. SOME OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS1962 to 1977 • HDL Bag-Finger Skirt (ACV & SES) – 1962 • Denny D-2 GRP Hulls (SES) – 1962 • Airscrew-Weyroc Centrifugal Fans (ACV & SES) – 1962 • SRN-Series Integrated Lift & Propulsion (ACV & SES) – 1962 • SRN-Series Integrated Maneuvering Controls (ACV) – 1962 • US Navy XR-Series of Experimental SES – 1962-85 • Bell Skimmer Shrouded Propellers (ACV) – 1964 • Aerojet General Application of Water Jet Propulsion (SES) – 1966 • Aerojet General Ride Control (SES) – 1966 • Aerojet 100A, Bell 100B and Rohr 3KSES Programs – 1967-79 • Hovermarine GRP Hull Mass Production (SES) – 1968 • Aerojet All-Welded Aluminum AALC JEFF(A) (ACV & SES) – 1977 • Bell AALC JEFF(B) Controllable Bow Thrusters (ACV) – 1977

  14. SOME OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS1978 to 2008 • BHC Low-Pressure Responsive Skirts (ACV) – 1978 • Bell BH-110 Medium Displacement Sidehulls (SES) – 1978 • BLA Whole-Craft Design Synthesis Tools (ACV & SES) – 1978 • BHC/HW Air-Cooled Diesel, Auto-Welded Structure for AP.1-88 (ACV) – 1982 • Griffon Hovercraft Ltd starts World’s Largest Range of ACVs – 1982 • LCAC Erosion Protected Propeller and Fan Blades (ACV) – 1984 • Brodrene Aa Cored Composite Structures (SES) – 1986 • BLA Compact Axial-Flow Water Jets (SES) – 1988 • ABS Hovercraft Ltd M-10 with Advanced Composites (ACV) – 1994 • BLA Deep Skirt (ACV) – 1995 • BLA Wake-Adapted Shrouded Airscrews (ACV) – 2003 • Japan’s Ogasawara 460-ft Techno-Superliner (SES) – 2005 • Russia’s Murena E-Class Landing Craft (ACV) – 2005 • IMAA Partial Air Cushion Catamaran, PACSCAT (SES) – 2008

  15. VA1, 1960 (UK)

  16. CC 1 AND 2, 1960 & 1961 (UK)

  17. CC 2, 1961 (UK)

  18. SR-N2, 1961 (UK)First Integrated Lift & Propulsion & Maneuvering Control System

  19. VICKERS VA-2, 1961 (UK)

  20. VA3, 1962 (UK)First ACV Passenger Ferry

  21. SR-N3, 1963 (UK)

  22. BELL SKMR-1, 1963 (USA)First ACV with Shrouded Props

  23. BELL SKMR-1 (USA)

  24. HD1, 1963 (UK) With Inclined Finger Skirt

  25. SR-N6 AND SR-N5, 1965 & 1964 (UK)

  26. SR-N5, 1964 (UK)With Peripheral Jet Skirt

  27. BHC SR-N4, 1968 (UK)With Bag-Finger Skirt

  28. BHC SR-N4, 1968 (UK)

  29. BHC BH-7, 1969 (UK)

  30. BELL LACV-30, 1969 (USA/CANADA)Modular Construction for Transportability

  31. JEFF(A), 1977 (USA)First ACV with Welded Aluminum Structure

  32. JEFF(B), 1977 (USA)First ACV with Rotatable Bow Thrusters

  33. BHC AP-188, 1982 (UK) Air-Cooled Diesel-Powered and Auto-Welded Aluminum Structure

  34. LCAC, 1984 (USA)

  35. GRIFFON-HOVERWORK 4000 TD (UK)

  36. POMORNIK, 1986 (ZUBR-CLASS USSR) Click for Web Site

  37. ABS M-10, 1994 (UK)

  38. DASH 400, 1998 (UK)

  39. DENNY D1 SES, 1961 (UK)

  40. DENNY D2 SES, 1962 (UK)First SES Passenger Ferry and First of GRP

  41. HD1 CONVERTED TO SES, 1963 (UK)

  42. US NAVY XR-1 SES, 1963 (USA)First High-Speed SES

  43. US NAVY XR-1D SES, 1974 (USA)

  44. US NAVY XR-3 SES, 1967 (USA)

  45. HM2 SES, 1968 (UK)

  46. HM2

  47. BELL SES 100B, 1972

  48. AEROJET SES 100A, 1972 (USA)

  49. 3KSES (USA)

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