The next Generation of Library Automation:

1. Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding The next Generation of Library Automation: New products, concepts, architectures, & data models 29 Aug 2011 Northwestern University Library

2. Abstract • Marshall Breeding will describe the next generation systems library management systems, including general characteristics, architecture, and features. He will illustrate the role of the new library services platform facilitating the interoperability of a variety of vendor products, open source systems and how they can integrate with university systems, such as human resources, financials, identity management, course management as well as other external systems (e.g. HathiTrust). Breeding will describe the difference between the cloud and on-premise installations and their relative advantages and disadvantages.

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. Library Journal Automation Marketplace • Published annually in April 1 issue • Based on data provided by each vendor • Focused primarily on North America • Context of global library automation market

5. LJ Automation Marketplace Annual Industry report published in Library Journal: • 2011: New Frontier: battle intensifies to win hearts, minds and tech dollars • 2010: New Models, Core Systems • 2009: Investing in the Future • 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil • 2007: An industry redefined • 2006: Reshuffling the deck • 2005: Gradual evolution • 2004: Migration down, innovation up • 2003: The competition heats up • 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

6. The New Frontier… • new phase of competition following a period of research and development that aimed to provide alternatives to libraries, both in back-end automation and end user discovery. A variety of new solutions have emerged, often representing quite different conceptual models. In a continued trend, librarians seek solutions that immediately improve the experiences of their users, especially via discovery products.

7. Key Context: Academic Libraries in Transition • Shift from Print > Electronic • E-journal transition largely complete • E-books now in play • Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases • Academic libraries seeing long-term declines in print circulation • Need better tools for managing electronic resources • Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections • Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections • Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

8. Key Context: Library Users in Transition • New generations of library users: • Millennial generation • Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance, • Not necessarily skilled at information seeking and management • Perceive themselves as competent to use information tools without help • Web savvy / Digital natives • PervasiveWeb 2.0 concepts • Inherently collaborative work styles

9. Key Context: Technologies in transition • XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture • Beyond Web 2.0 • Integration of social computing into core infrastructure • Local computing shifting to cloud platforms • Application Service Provider offerings standard • New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service • Move infrastructure management out of the local premises • Full spectrum of devices • full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile • Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

10. Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata management • Moving away from individual record-by-record creation • Life cycle of metadata • Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed • Manage metadata in bulk when possible • E-book collections • Highly shared metadata • E-journal knowledge bases, e.g. • Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data • Very little progress • AACR2 > RDA. Will Library of Congress abandon MARC?

11. Phase of realignment • Strong need to realign library automation with current library realities • Legacy library systems reinforce workflows no longer in step with library priorities. • Need systems that allow libraries to allocate personnel in proper proportion to collection • Separate automation platforms for print and electronic have not proven successful

12. Status Quo Sustainable? • ILS for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and campus • Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) • OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

13. Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene • Evolutionary ILS • Revolutionary ILS • Open source and Proprietary alternatives http://www.uoguelph.ca/theportico/science/people/

14. Evolutionary path • Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS platforms • Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services • SirsiDynix • Unicorn (+Horizon functionality) > Symphony • Innovative • INNOVAQ > INNOPAC > Millennium > Encore/Sierra • Civica • Urica > Spydus(Urica Integrated Systems, Amalgamated Wireless Australia, McDonnell Douglas Information Systems, Sanderson)

15. Competing Models of Library Automation • Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS • Millennium / Sierra, Symphony, Polaris, Aleph, Voyager • BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se • LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus • Traditional Open Source ILS • Evergreen, Koha • Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready) • Ex Libris Alma, Kuali OLE, Sierra (?) • Cloud-based automation system • OCLC Web-scale Management Service • Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution

16. Rethinking library automation • Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital + Electronic • Traditional print-dominant ILS model not adequate for modern academic library realities • Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content • New discovery layer services replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS • Working toward a new model of library automation • Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications • Comprehensive Resource Management “It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

17. Open Systems • Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies • Open source • Open API’s • Demand for Interoperability • Libraries need to do more with their data • Ability to improve customer experience

18. Extensibility Interoperability Allows the LMS to connect with other automation components Create a matrix of interconnected systems rather than isolated silos with redundant data and functionality LMS maturity means similar levels of functionality LMS products increasingly differentiated by extent and quality of APIs and interoperability support Benefits of APIs to Libraries

19. Policies $$$ Funds BIB Vendor Holding / Items CircTransact User Legacy LMS Model Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog BusinessLogic DataStores

20. Policies $$$ Funds BIB Vendor Holding / Items CircTransact User Legacy ILS Model / API ` Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog BusinessLogic DataStores

21. $$$ Funds Policies BIB Vendor Holding / Items CircTransact User Legacy ILS Model / protocol Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: InterlibraryLoan System Application Programming Interfaces Protocols: SIP2 NCIPZ39.50OAI-PMH Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog Self-Check

22. $$$ Funds Policies BIB Vendor Holding / Items CircTransact User Legacy ILS Model / External API Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: ExternalSystems & Services Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog Flexible Interoperability Protocols: SIP2 NCIPZ39.50OAI-PMH

23. Legacy ILS Model / Extended Discovery Discovery Service Search: ` Digital Collections Search Engine Consolidated index LMS ProQuest API Layer EBSCOhost … JSTOR Other Resources

24. New Library Management Model Discovery Service Search: Self-Check /Automated Return Library Management System ` Digital Coll Search Engine Consolidated index ProQuest API Layer StockManagement EBSCO … Enterprise ResourcePlanning Smart Cad / Payment systems JSTOR LearningManagement AuthenticationService Other Resources

25. LMS provides strategic core of automation Less involved with end-user contact Discovery for Web-based collection discovery and user services Self-service stations for loans and returns Smart-card and payment systems LMS as Middleware

26. Academic Library Issues • Greater concern with electronic resources • Management: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflows • Access: discovery interfaces that maximize the value of investments in electronic content

27. Policies LicenseTerms BIB Vendors Holding / Items CircTransact User Vendor E-JournalTitles $$$ Funds LMS / Electronic Resource Management Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: ` Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog E-resourceProcurement LicenseManagement Protocols: CORE

28. $$$ Funds LicenseTerms BIB Policies Holding / Items CircTransact User Vendor LMS / Electronic Resource Management Staff Interfaces: Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Licensemanager Serials + e-resources Online Catalog Print +Electronic

29. Enhance the experience of library patrons Management and access to physical resources Self-service through the Web portal: View current loans, perform holds, renewals, pay fines and fees Self-service in the physical library RFID-based self-issue and returns Helps the library deploy service personnel for highest impact Public Library Issues

30. Possible new term for the successor to the ILS ILS now viewed as print-centric Next Generation systems must serve as platforms to connect external systems as well as to deliver internal functionality Delivered Functionality + library created extensions + interoperability Library Services Platform

31. Major trend in Information Technology Few organizations have core competence in large-scale computer infrastructure management Essentially outsourcing of server housing and management Usually based on a consumption-based business model Most new automation products delivered through some flavor of cloud computing Many flavors to suit business needs: public, private, hybrid Cloud Computing

32. Almost all library automation vendors offer some form of cloud-based services Server management moves from library to Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription payment Offsets local server purchase and maintenance Offsets some local technology support Library Automation in the Cloud

33. Vendor hosting of traditional ILS TechnicallyApplication Service Provider though marketed as SaaS Continued reliance on Graphical Clients deployed on each staff workstation that need to be updated and synched Vendor maintains individual instances for each library / site Application Service Provider

34. Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple sites Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces No workstation clients Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments Software as a Service

35. SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central KnowledgeWorks: Shared knowledgebase of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows Data as a service

36. Access to hardware provisioned from remote providers Examples: Amazon Elastic Compute (EC2) Cloud and Simple Storage Service (S3) Many library automation vendors use IaaS to deploy their offerings Infrastructure as a Service

37. New Generation Library Management Options

38. Full complement of automation functionality delivered through enhanced WorldCat platform Cataloging: (initially Connexion) Discovery: WorldCat Local Resource Sharing: OCLC ILL Circulation: new functionality based on holding and item record extensions Acquisitions: Globally shared vendor file License management for content subscriptions APIs to extend functionality and support interoperability OCLC Web-scale Management Services In Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends WorldCat Local To Launch New Library System Marshall Breeding, Library Journal 4/23/2009http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6653619.html

39. Java 6 Apache 2 Tomcat 6 MySQL 5.1 Suse Linux jBPM 4 WebSphere MQ 6 Mule 2 OCLC WMS technology stack

40. Kuali OLE • Mellon funded project to create new enterprise level automation platform for research libraries • 1-year planning project led by Duke University • Manage resources of all formats • More than an ILS / Less than an ILS • Community Source / Open Source

41. OLE Project: Phase I • Planning and Design Phase • Develop Vision + Blueprint • Work with consultants with expertise in SOA and BPM • Instill community ownership of OLE • Recruit partners for Phase II

42. Kuali OLE Project:Phase II • 2-year build project led by Indiana University • $2.38 million from Mellon matched by capital and in-kind contributions by development partners • Community source reference implementation • Create software based on OLE blueprint from current project • Early software in 18-24 months • High level of investment andcommitment to implementation

43. Kuali OLE technology stack • Kuali Rice, middleware: forms routing, messaging, integrations, identity, queues, alerts, audit. • Kuali Financial Subsystem (subset) • Java SDK • Spring Framework • Struts • Apache OJB • Oracle DB

44. Ex Libris Alma • New automation framework based on concept of Unified Resource Management • Workflows to accommodate digital, electronic and print resources • Delivered through Software as a Service • Community Zone: shared data stores maintained on behalf of all Alma sites • Extended version of SFX knowledge base • Shared bibliographic repository • Library Zone: data pertaining to individual implementations

45. Alma technology stack • Java (J2EE) • Oracle: search within Alma uses Oracle Text as indexer/search • JBOSS application • JBMP workflow engine (business process management)

46. Deployment Schedules • Alma: General release planed for early 2012 • Kuali OLE: Version 1 release July 2012 • Implementations to be underway at partner sites • (not necessarily ready for full ILS replacement) • OCLC Web-scale Management Services • Libraries in production incirc and acquisitions since July 2010 • General release July 2011

47. Serials Solutions Web-scale Management Solution • New automation platform announced at ALA Annual • Extends automation models in existing products oriented to electronic subscriptions to print and digital materials • Software as a service • Goal to allow the library to unplug their ILS • Print component based on shared bibliographic database • Initially targets mid-sized academic libraries • Initial availability planned for end of 2012

48. Decoupled Discovery? • Decoupled interfaces emerged from broken online catalogs • Poor interfaces, inadequate scope • Inefficient integration between automation and discovery platforms • New wave of more tightly integrated suites: • Ex Libris Alma > Primo • OCLC Web-scale Management Services > WorldCat Local • Serials Solutions Web-Scale Management Solution > Summon • Still possible to decouple, but more effort, worse results

49. Delivering library services to mobile devices • Increased expectationfor access to services through mobile • Library services: • Mobile web • Apps • Transmit library notices through SMS • Carefully selectfunctionality appropriatefor mobile

50. Tablet computing • Tablet computers have been around for a while, but the introduction of Apple’s iPad increases popularity • High-qualitydevice for content consumption • Access to library services and content http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2010/0524/A-rundown-of-the-best-iPad-astronomy-apps