EARTH SCIENCE

1. EARTH SCIENCE Lesson 3 How can you use maps?

2. OBJECTIVES • At the end of this lesson you should be able to • Explain what a map is • Describe the parts of a map • Use a legend and scale to read a map

3. VOCABULARY • Model • Representation of how something looks or works

4. VOCABULARY • Map • Drawing that shows part of the earth’s surface as seen from above

5. VOCABULARY • Legend • List of map symbols and their meanings

6. VOCABULARY • Compass Rose • Part of a map that shows the major compass directions

7. VOCABULARY • Scale • Part of a map that shows the relationship between map distance and actual distance

8. How can you use maps? • Maps are useful because they can show information clearly • Compare the photograph with the map on page 8 of the textbook • Both show land, rivers, bridges and roads • Which one would you use if you wanted to drive from Virginia to West Virginia? Why?

9. ACTIVITY • Find the vocabulary words in your textbook. • Find two sentences in your textbook that use each word. • Write the sentences in your science notebook.

10. MAP LEGENDS • Most maps include a legend that explains what the map symbols mean. • Some symbols might be shapes and some might be colors. • What does the map on page 9 show? • What can you conclude about the eastern and southeastern United States from this map? • What is the elevation of Central VA?

11. ACTIVITY • Observe the map legend on the Agriculture of VA map. • What does the legend tell us? • What does the legend use to give us information? • Can you produce maple syrup in VA? • In which region will you find sweet potatoes? • Which region(s) produce peanuts? • Which region produces the most tobacco? • Name some livestock and the regions you’d find them.

12. DID YOU KNOW? • The oldest known maps are about 4,300 years old. • They were drawn on clay tablets in Babylon, an ancient city in Asia. • Ancient Native American maps were drawn on skin, bone and wood.

13. COMPASS DIRECTIONS • For a map to make sense, you have to know the map’s compass directions: north, south, east & west • Some maps show direction by using a compass rose. • Some maps show direction by using an arrow with the letter N. The letter shows the direction of north.

14. ACTIVITY • Find the compass rose on each of the maps. • Does every map have a compass rose? • What information does the compass rose give us? • Does every compass rose look the same or different? • Describe any differences you see.

15. MAP SCALES • A scale is a comparison between the distances on a map and the actual distances on the earth. • There are 3 common kinds of map scales • Bar scale • Verbal scale • Ratio scale

16. ACTIVITY • Find the scales on your maps. • Are they bar scales, verbal scales or ratio scales? • Are they all the same? Different? • Using a length of string, let’s find some distances using the map scales. • Using a ruler, find distances using the map scales.

17. ACTIVITY • Turn to page 14 in your book. • Form 2 groups • Your group will construct a map using an appropriate scale and symbols. • We will follow the directions on pages 14 & 15. • You may all or part of this classroom, Mr. Proctor’s classroom (if he’s not using it), or a hallway (include all doors)

18. ACTIVITY • Select one container of play-doh • Form your play-doh into an irregularly shaped mountain • Circle Thinking Map • Brainstorm ways to draw maps to show the different elevations of your mountain

19. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

20. What are topographic maps? • In this lesson you will learn how to use the features of a topographic map. • Objective: • Explain how contour lines show shape and elevation

21. VOCABULARY CHAPTER 1-LESSON 4 (pages 16-19)

22. Topographic map • A map that shows the shape and elevation of the land surface.

23. CONTOUR LINE • Line on a map that connects points of equal elevation.

24. CONTOUR INTERVAL • The vertical distance between contour lines on a topographic map.

25. HACHURE • Short line that points toward the center of a depression on a topographic map.

26. ACTIVITY • Starting on page 16 or your textbook • Find your vocabulary words • Write at least one sentence in your science notebook that contains the vocabulary word

27. MAP PRACTICE • Look at the map on page 16 • If you wanted the easiest climb to the top of the island, which side would you choose? • What is the elevation of the highest point of this island? • What is the elevation of the lowest point of this island?

28. MAP PRACTICE • Look at the map on page 18 • Find a depression shown on the map. • Which mountain is the highest? • What is the contour interval? • In which direction does Beaver Creek flow?

29. CIRCLE THINKING MAP Users of topograhic maps

30. INVESTIGATION • Turn to page 20 in your textbook • Follow the directions for Reading a Topographic Map • Answer the questions in your science notebook • Add these questions • Is there a legend? What does it tell you? • Is there a scale? What type is it? • Using the compass rose, in which direction would Spruce Hill be if you were standing on Twin Hill facing North?

31. REVIEW • A _____shows how something looks or works • A ___ is a drawing that shows part of the earth’s surface as seen from above. • A ___explains the symbols used on the map. • _________are shown on a map in different ways. • A ___is a comparison between distance on the map and actual distance on the earth. • _____show the shape and elevation of the land surface. • Topographic maps have ___ which connect points of equal elevation. • Certain patterns of contour lines show certain ___.