Japan

1. Japan

2. The forgotten Holocaust: Japanese War Crimes in WWII

3. Japan in WWII

4. What do the Japanese want in Asia? • What resources does a country need to be a powerful country? • Why even think about attacking the United States? • Why would you want to do a sneak attack and throw the first punch?

5. Japan’s goal: to be master of an Asian Empire • The Japanese were being taught that they were the purest or “master race” in Asia • They were super nationalistic – BANZAI! Die for their country Believed the Emperor was a god • In the late 1800s they modernized and militarized • Japan had the largest, best equipped army, navy and airforce • They defeated Russia in a war in 1905 and took colonies in Korea and China • Solution to solving their country’s economic problems? • TAKE LAND in Asia and get their natural resources • In 1931 they attacked Manchuria, China and ruled it • Later, they attacked all of China

6. Japan’s goal: to be master of an Asian Empire • Similar to the fascists in Italy and Germany the Japanese were being taught that they were the purest or “master race” in Asia • Solution to solving their country’s economic problems • TAKE LAND in Asia and get their natural resources • How? : MILITARIZE!!! – build ships, airplanes, submarines, tanks, etc. • In 1931 they attacked Manchuria, China and ruled it • Later, they attacked all of China • The only military threat they saw to their dreams of Empire was the United States navy docked at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

7. Historical Background • Origins “Nippon” • Migration-”pure” Asians • Emperor • Proud/nationalistic • Sacrifice for country • Written language • Religion of Shintoism • Bushido (code of the warrior) • Beautiful death • Kamikaze

8. Why modernize and expand?? • Keep pace with the European Imperialists (our own Asian Empire) • Militarism and shipbuilding puts people to work • We’re an island – we need our own “lebensraum” • Manchuria, China has lots land, minerals and resources • The Dutch East Indies have OIL!!!! • Our only serious threat is the U.S. Navy docked at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

10. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

11. Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? • Japan attacked Pearl Harbor because … • 1. the US had the only navy that could threaten their plans in Asia • 2. The US controlled the Philippines and would probably get involved anyway • 3. throwing a surprise “first punch” and sinking a big part of the US fleet would give Japan a head start in their conquest of Asia

12. Pearl Harbor • Sunday morning December 7th 1941 • 3:00 a.m. Japanese sub periscope seen • 6:10 1st wave 183 Japanese planes take off • 6:45 a.m U.S. destroyer sinks Japanese mini-sub trying to enter Pearl Harbor but commanding officer is playing golf so doesn’t get the message until later • 7:03 Radar operators pick up 50 or more planes coming in – supervisors say that it is a group of B-17s flying in from California • 7:55 Japanese planes start bombing airplanes at Hickman field • 8:10 Japanese planes reach Pearl Harbor and start bombing • 8:54 second wave of 167 planes reach Hawaii and continue bombing

14. Results of the attack on Pearl Harbor • The attack sank four battleships(two of which were raised and returned to service late in the war) and damaged four more. • Only the battleships U.S.S. Arizona, Utah and Oklahoma were lost - • The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, and one minelayer • 18 ships in total • 188 planes destroyed • 2, 390 killed (over 1,000) on the Arizona • 1,178 wounded • Japanese lost 29 planes • BUT the Japanese • Did NOT get the aircraft carriers Yorktown and Enterprise • Japan failed to blow up the Fuel storage tanks that held 190 million gallons • Did not destroy docks and maintenance yards • Most feel that the Attack was a huge mistake • It wasn’t all that damaging and • It brought a PISSED OFF AMERICA in

15. The USS Enterprise/USS Yorktown

16. The USS Arizona: then and now

17. Anti-Japanese propaganda

18. Japan’s goal: to be master of an Asian Empire • Similar to the fascists in Italy and Germany the Japanese were being taught that they were the purest or “master race” in Asia • Solution to solving their country’s economic problems • TAKE LAND in Asia and get their natural resources • How? : MILITARIZE!!! – build ships, airplanes, submarines, tanks, etc. • In 1931 they attacked Manchuria, China and ruled it • Later, they attacked all of China • The only military threat they saw to their dreams of Empire was the United States navy docked at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

19. Closing Activity: Finish these sentences • 1. Japan’s goals in Asia were… • 2. The reason Japan attacked Pearl Harbor was… • 3. Some details about Pearl Harbor were… • 4. Places that Japan attacked after Pearl Harbor were • 5.

20. Douglas MacArthur: • The Supreme Allied Commander of U.S. forces in the Pacific. • Was ordered to leave the Philippines when the Japanese invaded commented when he was leaving“I shall return” He did!

21. Bataan Death March: 90,000 American and Philippino soldiers forced to walk 70 miles to prison camps in the north. 10,000 died

22. BELLWORK Thursday, April 1st Quotes of the Week: “To the victor go the spoils” – old saying • What to do: • Prepare an answer for these questions • 1. who was the supreme allied commander of forces in the Pacific? • 2. what’s the story of his quote, “I shall return” ? • 3. What was the American strategy in the Pacific? • 4. How were the Japanese extreme?

23. Battle of Midway • Huge 3 day naval battle between Japan and USA. • Planes did all the fighting • Japan loses 4 aircraft carriers • Japan’s westward advance is stopped • Turning point in the naval battle for the Pacific

24. Battle of Midway • Huge 3 day naval battle between Japan and USA. • Planes did all the fighting • Japan loses 4 aircraft carriers • Japan’s westward advance is stopped • Turning point in the naval battle for the Pacific

25. “Island hopping” • “hopping” over heavily defended islands and taking smaller islands to use as bases to advance their way closer to the Japanese mainland • An island is an “unsinkable aircraft carrier”

28. B-29 “flying fortresses” bombers

30. Iwo Jima

31. Iwo Jima

32. Native American Code talkers

33. Upon arriving to America as a refugee fleeing Hitler • Albert Einstein wrote a letter to FDR informing him of the German work on an Atomic bomb. • FDR offered Einstein leadership over the “Manhattan Project” the U.S. project to develop an atomic bomb before the Germans • Einstein declined

34. Sadly, FDR died on April 12th 1945 just 18 days before Hitler killed himself. His vice-president Harry Truman became president and made the decision to drop the Atom bomb on Japan

35. July 1945- The first atomic test explosion in the desert of New Mexico

38. “little boy” the bomb dropped on Hiroshima and its effects

39. “little boy” the bomb dropped on Hiroshima and its effects

42. HIROSHIMA • On August 6, 1945 the nuclear weaponLittle Boy was dropped on Hiroshima by Enola Gay, a U.S. Air ForceB-29 bomber which was altered specifically to hold the bomb, killing an estimated 80,000 people and heavily damaging 80% of the city. • In the following months, an estimated 60,000 more people died.

43. “fat man” the Atomic Bomb dropped over Nagasaki

44. Nagasaki • On 9 August1945, Nagasaki was the target of the world's second atomic bomb attack at 11:02 a.m., when the north of the city was destroyed and an estimated 39,000 people were killed outright with another 75,000 believed to have died of bomb-related causes in the decades that followed. The Nagasaki bomb, code-named "Fat Man", dropped by the BoeingB-29Bockscar was more powerful (22 kilotons of TNT as opposed to 15) than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima three days earlier ("Little Boy"), and was an implosion-type plutonium bomb, whereas the Hiroshima bomb was a gun-type uranium bomb. The primary target for attack was Kokura, but the bomber pilot found it to be covered in cloud. The industrial areas outside Nagasaki were the secondary target and so, despite a more powerful bomb, the devastation visited upon Nagasaki was less severe than that experienced by Hiroshima, owing to Nagasaki's mountainous topography.

45. Use It! / No, don’t Use it • 1.US submarines are surrounding and starving Japan • 2.It will make the US look barbaric and uncivilized • 3.The Japanese tortured and raped their prisoners • 4. A demonstration might scare Japan • 5.An invasion of Japan will cost too many Americans • 6. It will screw up the environment • 7. Russia is going to come and take land in Asia • 8. It cost over a billion dollars to make • 9. It will actually save more Japanese lives • 10.Hitler is defeated. Britain and Russia are coming to help the US – Japan is alone

46. To Drop or not to drop • FOR dropping the bomb • Japan never surrenders • Japan rejected the ultimatum to surrender “or else” • It will end the war quickly • Prevent an bloody invasion of Japanese mainland • Payback – Karma • It will save lives (both sides) • Spent billions – curiosity • Scare the Russians and show the world who’s “top dog” • AGAINSTdropping the bomb • Make the US look “barbaric, savage, brutal, dirty, sick” • Japan was surrounded • The whole world was against Japan • Radiation • Screw up the environment • Innocent people • Info that Japan was talking about surrender • Over the top “evil” • The scientists were saying that we should give a demonstration

47. "...the Japanese were ready to surrender and it wasn't necessary to hit them with that awful thing." Dwight D. Eisenhower - commander at D-DayWhat, I asked, would his advice have been? He replied that he saw no military justification for the dropping of the bomb. The war might have ended weeks earlier, he said, if the United States had agreed, as it later did anyway, to the retention of the institution of the emperor." Norman Cousins, The Pathology of Power, pg. 65, 70-71.

49. The Japanese surrender and MacArthur takes over in Japan • MacArthur was the leader of the American occupation of Japan • He de militarized Japan • Helped them write a new constitution • Helped revive their economy • Made Emperor Hirohito admit that he wasn’t a god

50. August 11th 1945 Japanese Emperor Hirohito announces that Japan will surrender – ending WWII