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Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry

Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry. H. H. H. H. C. C. H. C. C. H. H. H. Br. H. H. H. H. Br. H. C. C. H. d +. +. H. d _. Electrophilic Addition 1 – Ethene + HBr. : Br _. home. H. H. H. H. C. C. H. C. H. C. H. H. Br. Br. H. H. H. C. C. H. Br. d +. +.

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Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry

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  1. Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry

  2. H H H H C C H C C H H H Br H H H H Br H C C H d+ + H d_ Electrophilic Addition 1 – Ethene + HBr :Br_ home

  3. H H H H C C H C H C H H Br Br H H H C C H Br d+ + Br d_ Br Electrophilic Addition 2 – Ethene + Br2(hexane) :Br_ home

  4. H H H H C C H C H C H H OH Br H H H C C H Br d+ + Br d_ Br Electrophilic Addition 3 – Ethene + Br2(aq) HBr :OH2 :Br_ home

  5. d_ O :OH d+ C H3C C H H3C H CN :O_ H3C C H CN Nucleophilic Addition – Reaction of HCN with Carbonyls H+ :CN_ home

  6. d+ CH3 CH3 CH3 d- H3C C CH3 H3C C CH3 H3C C CH3 + OH Br Nucleophilic Substitution – SN1 Mechanism :OH- :Br- Rate = k[C4H9Br] home

  7. H H H H H C C Br H C C OH H H H H + _ Nucleophilic Substitution – SN2 Mechanism :OH- :Br- Rate = k[C2H5Br][:OH-] home (NB Transition state)

  8. NO2 H NO2 + Electrophilic Substitution 1 – Nitration of benzene H2SO4 + HNO3 NO2+ + HSO4- + H2O +NO2 H+ home

  9. Br H Br + Electrophilic Substitution 2 – Bromination of benzene Br2 + AlCl3 Br+ + AlBrCl3- +Br HBr home AlCl3

  10. CH3 H CH3 + Electrophilic Substitution 3 – Alkylation of benzene CH3Cl + AlCl3 CH3+ + AlCl4- +CH3 HCl home AlCl3

  11. O O C CH3 +C CH3 H O CH3 + C Electrophilic Substitution 4 – Acylation of benzene CH3COCl + AlCl3 CH3CO+ + AlCl4- HCl home AlCl3

  12. CH3 CH3 CH3 Br H Br + Bromination of methylbenzene – ring substitution Br2 + AlBr3 Br+ + AlBr4- Br+ HBr home AlBr3

  13. Free Radical Substitution 1 – Methane + Cl2 u.v. light Initiation 2Cl. Cl Cl Propagation CH4 + Cl. . CH3 + HCl . CH3 + Cl2 CH3Cl + Cl . Termination . CH3 + . CH3 C2H6 . CH3 + . Cl CH3Cl home

  14. H H R H H R H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C R R R C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H Free Radical Addition Polymerisation of Ethene heat Initiation 2R. Propagation R home

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