Comparing the Colonies

1. Comparing the Colonies How were the three colonial regions alike and different?

2. 7.1 Introduction • More colonies in North America • Along the Atlantic coast • 1707 Great Britain • England + Wales + Scotland • Mid-1700s Great Britain had 13 colonies • 3 regions • New England Colonies • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies

3. 7.1 Introduction • Geographic Features • Landforms, natural resources, and climate • Economies • Based on local products and services • Government • Levels of democracy • Looking at Reason for Founding, Geography, Economy, Government

4. 7.2 The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonial Regions • New England • Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut • Reasons for Founding • Religion • Geography • Rocky soil, dense forests, natural harbors • Economy • Small farms, lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding, trade • Government • More democratic than most countries in Europe • Voting-puritan men> men who owned land

5. 7.2 The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonial Regions • Middle • New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware • Reason for Founding • Various Europeans were attracted to the strong economy • Geography • Rich soil • Economy • Farming and selling livestock and crops • Government • Various governmental forms

6. 7.2 The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonial Regions • Southern • Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia • Reason for Founding • Rich Britains came to farm cash crops • Geography • Rich soil, good farming climate • Economy • Cash crops • Government • Governor, rich men, Britain’s king

7. 7.3 Massachusetts Bay: New England Colony • Puritans wanted to leave the Church of England • Pilgrims 1620 • John Winthrop led another group to Massachusetts 1630 • Practice religion freely • Rocky soil and harsh winters • Dense forests and clean water • Winter cold killed insects and germs

8. 7.3 Massachusetts Bay: New England Colony • Industries • Small farms (animals and crops) • Lumber (houses and ships) • Fishing and whaling • Democratic Government • Over time voting went from only Puritan men to mean who owned land • Town meetings for local problems • Majority rule • Settlers elected representatives • John Winthrop governor 12 times from 1630-1649

9. 7.4 Rhode Island: Middle Colony • Founded on religious freedom • 1631 Roger Williams (minister) criticized leadership in Massachusetts Bay • Separate church and state • Forced to leave colony • Spent winter with American Indians • Started a town, Providence • Beginning of Rhode Island • Welcoming different religious beliefs

10. 7.4 Rhode Island: Middle Colony • Anne Hutchinson • Spoke against Puritan beliefs in Mass. Bay • Put on trial • Forced to leave • Moved to Rhode Island • Geography • Rivers allowed for fishing, trading and travel • Trapped and traded animal furs • Forests for timber • South held rich soil

11. 7.4 Rhode Island: Middle Colony • Economy • Farms raised livestock, grew apples, corn, onions, flax • Traded wool, rum, flax to England and West Indies • Rich from slave trade • Few in Rhode Island owned slaves • Most democratic colony • Most men could vote • Over time only men owning land • Religion did not matter

12. 7.5 New York: Middle Colony • Originally settled by people from the Netherlands (Holland) • Dutch came for fur-trading • British wanted the land to expand westward • 1664 British took over the colony • England’s king gave it to the Duke of York • Good place to settle • Harbor, rivers, valleys, iron • Cold winters, humid summers • Long growing season

13. 7.5 New York: Middle Colony • Economy • Good jobs in various industries • Farmers, miners, lumbermen, sailors, trappers, merchants • Slaves and indentured servants • Government • Colonists had little power • Governors elected by Britain’s king • Governor appointed other officials

14. 7.6 Pennsylvania: Middle Colony • William Penn was given land in North America • Quakers were able to live here freely • All religious beliefs were welcome • Native Americans were also treated respectfully • slavery • Geography • Delaware River Valley = farming • Rivers allowed for transportation • Forests, coal, iron, copper • Winters were cold

15. 7.6 Pennsylvania: Middle Colony • Economy • Jobs in various industries • Various farmers • Merchants, miners, lumbermen • Government • Penn appointed governor • King approved • General Assembly • Men who owned land voted for members of Assembly • Assembly eventually gained power to write laws

16. 7.7 Maryland: Southern Colony • Cecilius Calvert (aka Lord Baltimore) • English nobleman • Started Maryland in 1634 • Wanted to make money and safe place for Catholics • Geography • Good for planting and selling tobacco • Chesapeake Bay trade route • Mosquitoes spread diseases

17. 7.7 Maryland: Southern Colony • Economy • Most worked on small farms • Crop or meat • Lumbering, shipping, fishing, slave trading • Plantations • Government • Colonists had little power • Leonard Calvert made governor • Eventually created an Assembly • White men with land • Passed laws to protect Catholics

18. 7.8 Georgia: Southern Colony • Reason for Founding • British wanted to keep Spanish from moving North • Wealthy wanted to keep poor out of prison • Send debtors to Georgia • Geography • Ideal for growing crops • Farming was a key industry • Winters were mild, summers hot & humid • Grew indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton • South was swamp

19. 7.8 Georgia: Southern Colony • Economy • Farming • Lumbermen in north • Trading with Native Americans • Government • Started with only rich men who started the colony • Created laws • Did not allow slavery • Gave control to Britian’s king • White male voters elected an assembly • King could overturn any law • New laws made slavery legal