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Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror. Learning Targets. At the end of the lesson I can………….. Explain the causes of the French Revolution Identify the Enlightenment philosophers and their impact on the Enlightenment.

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Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

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  1. Chapter 7, section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

  2. Learning Targets • At the end of the lesson I can………….. • Explain the causes of the French Revolution • Identify the Enlightenment philosophers and their impact on the Enlightenment. • Identify the connection between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.

  3. Section 2 Study Guide questions: Upon completion students should be able to: • Explain how the National Assembly changed France’s government. • Summarize the positions of the three factions that tried to govern France. • Explain how war and the king’s execution affected the Revolution. • Describe the events and the aftermath of the Reign of Terror.

  4. In class today • 1. Turning point quiz over French Rev. causes • 2.Read primary source “Execution by Guillotine”/ Discuss • 3. Small group French Revolution and Enlightenment exercise. • 4. Class discussion using powerpoint notes. • 5. Exit cards……….

  5. The Guillotine • 1. What was the purpose of the Guillotines? • 2. According to the article what was the real impact of the Guillotines? • 3. What likely constituted treason in France? • 4. In what ways did the use of the Guillotine violate the principles of the Enlightenment?

  6. Fr. Revolution and the Enlightenment With you and your small group team: 1. Use the chart provided on the handout, identify the Enlightenment thinker and identify examples of where the French applied these principals in the Revolution. (5-7 minutes) 2. Discussion will follow, select a person to represent the group.

  7. Causes of the Revolution

  8. What caused the revolution? • 1. France was badly in debt and the economy in ruins. • 2.The King and Queen were very unpopular. • 3.The Enlightenment ideas had influenced the 3rd estate (Bourgeoisie) • 4. The French estate system was unfair and unequal. • 5. The success of the American Revolution inspired the French.

  9. The Assembly Reforms France The Rights of Man • National Assembly adopts Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • Revolutionary leaders use the slogan, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

  10. The Assembly Reforms France continued A State Controlled Church • National Assembly seizes church lands, turns clergy into public officials • This action alarms many peasants, who are devout Catholics

  11. Louis Tries to Escape • Louis, worried about his future, attempts to escape France • Revolutionaries catch the royal family near Netherlands border

  12. Divisions Develop Factions Split France • Major problems, including debt, food shortages remain • Assembly splits into Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives

  13. Factions Split France continued • Émigrés-nobles who flee country, want Old Regime back in power • Sans-culottes-lower class who want more change from the Revolution

  14. Problems with Other Countries • Austrian and Prussians want Louis in charge of France • France declares war

  15. France at War • Prussian forces soon threaten to attack Paris • Parisian mob jails royal family, kills guard • Mob breaks into prisons, killing over 1,000, including many who support king

  16. France At War continued • Pressured by mob, Legislative Assembly deposes the king and then dissolves • National Convention takes office in September, forming French republic

  17. Jacobins Take Control • Jacobins-radical political organization behind 1792 governmental changes • After a close vote, Louis XVI is found guilty of treason and beheaded • Guillotine-machine designed during the Revolution to behead people

  18. Guillotine • The main tool used during the reign of terror in order to execute many. • Was actually invented to be a more humane method of imposing capital punishment.

  19. The War Continues • French army wins great victory against Prussians and Austrians • In 1793 Britain, Spain, Holland join forces against France • National Convention orders draft of 300,000 to reinforce army

  20. The Reign of Terror

  21. Divided Country • Not all people in France support all changes of the Revolution • Many believed the changes were too radical and led to anarchy.

  22. Robespierre Assumes Control • Maximilien Robespierre-Jacobin leader rules France for a year • Becomes leader of the Committee for Public Safety, a dictator

  23. Reign of Terror • Reign of Terror-Robespierre’s rule, which includes killing many opponents • Thousands die during the Terror, including former allies and Marie Antoinette • 85% of those who die during the terror are middle or lower class

  24. End of the Terror • In July 1794, Robespierre arrested, executed • Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radicals

  25. Execution of Maximilien-Marie-Isidore Robespierre on July 27, 1794.

  26. End of the Terror continued • Moderate leaders write new constitution • Two-house legislature and five man directory restore order • New government makes Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies

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