Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

1. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror Chapter 7 Section 2

2. The Assembly Reforms France • August 4, 1789 • The Great Fear is making everything chaotic and people are panicking • Feel like something must be done- meet the night of August 4 go all through the night • People make grand speeches, people crying, denounce all privileges. • “Patriotic drunkenness”- One upped each other on the amount they could give up • By the next morning the Old Regime is completely finished

3. The Assembly Reforms France • Rights of Man • August 26, 1789- Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen –Declaration of rights of man and citizen • Ideas of Enlightenment • Liberty, Egalite, Fraternité- Liberty, equality, fraternityisadopted as thier slogan

4. The Assembly Reforms France • A state controlled church • Took over church lands and made church officials be elected • Made them swear a loyalty oath- many refuse and are hunted down • Lands helped pay off France’s debt • Church becomes a place for political announcements • Many peasants are devout Catholics and were shocked by these reforms, thus no longer supported the Assembly • Separation of church and state

5. The Assembly Reforms France • Louis tries to escape • Mobs keep King and Queen in the city when they try to leave to visit their priest • Decide to flee the country and return at the head of the Austrian Army ( Marie’s Brother Emperor) • Writes a letter before he leaves saying he does not believe in any part of the Revolution even though he had taken an oath of loyalty • Thought that only Paris would be the problem • Family makes escape in costume, pretends to be someone else • Louis gets cocky ( talked to people, put up curtains in carriage, etc.) • Recognized by Drouet from bank note- rides to the next town • About 1,500 people from town stop them in Varennes and return them to Paris under guard

6. Divisions Develop • After 2 years of arguing finally make a new constitution in 1791 • Limited constitutional monarchy • Legislative Assembly- New body created by the constitution, could create laws and approve or reject declarations of war. • King still had executive power to enforce laws

7. Divisions Develop • Old problems still remain • Legislative assembly split into 3 groups. • 1. Radicals- sat on the left side of the hall • Opposed the idea of Monarchy and wanted sweeping changes • 2. Moderates- Sat in the center • Wanted some changes, but not like the radicals • 3. Conservatives- Sat on the right • Wanted limited monarchy and few changes

8. Divisions Develop • Factions outside the Legislative Assembly • Emigres • Nobles and others who had fled France and wanted to restore the old Regime • Sans-Culottes • Parisian workers who wanted the Revolution to bring even bigger changes in France • “Without Knee breeches”

9. War and Execution • Europe looks on Horrified- Asks France to restore Louis • The Legislative Assembly Declares War in April 1792 • By Summer of 1792 Prussian forces almost to Paris • Threaten to destroy Paris if Royal Family harmed • August 10 20,000 people invade the royal palace and imprison the royal family • September Rumors again make them fearful so they raid the prisons and kill over 1,000 people ( mainly nobles, priest, and royal sympathizers)

10. War and Execution • Radicals in the streets and among the Legislative Assembly pressure the Assembly into getting rid of the constitution • Declared the King disposed, new election of a new legislature • Made a new governing body called the National Convention • Elected by universal manhood suffrage • Took office on Sept. 21, 1792 • Abolished monarchy, declared France a republic, all male citizens could hold office.

11. War and Execution • Jacobins take control • Jacobins – the most powerful radical political organization during the French Revolution • Most people involved in the changes in 1792 were apart of this club • Under their control they reduce the King to commoner and tried him for treason • Find him guilty (by a very close vote) and sentence him to death • January 21, 1793 Louis executed by the Guillotine

12. War and Execution • Fall 1792 tide turns to France’s advantage • Early 1793 Great Britain, Holland, and Spain all join in fight against France. • Jacobin Leaders force to have a draft • 300,000 citizens between 18 and 40. • By 1794 army had grown to 800,000 and included women

13. The Terror Grips France • The new government of France has enemies from the inside as well as outside • Maximilien Robespierre • Radical leftist • Very popular in the Jacobin clubs- wrote great speeches, had the nick name “L’incorruptible” • Wanted to build a “republic of virtue” • New calendar( 10 day wk.), new religion(cult of the supreme being), vous form outlawed

14. The terror grips France • July 1793 Robespierre elected to committee of public safety • Next year he rules basically as a dictator- his reign is know as the Reign of Terror • Imposing a “single will” through political surveillance and violence • People tried in the morning and guillotined in the afternoon

15. The Terror Grips France • Saw fellow radicals who wanted to relax/ stop the terror as willing to compromise and therefore not virtuous • Tried to revolt and are all executed • Suspended laws in order to get a stable government • 1500 people killed between June 10 and July 15, 1794 • Up to 40,000 people died during the terror

16. End of the Terror • Eventually no one feels safe, so they turn on Robespierre • July 1794 they come for Robespierre • Tries to kill himself, but shoots his jaw off • Take him to Guillotine and he dies the same place as Louis • Backlash against the terror • Make a new government known as the directory • Bicameral legislator and 5 men executive body • Made up of moderates