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Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

Revolution Brings Reform and Terror. Ch. 7.2. The National Assembly Reforms France. The Rights of Man - Aug. 1789 National Assembly adopts Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Ended all the special rights the 1 st and 2 nd Estates enjoyed

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Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

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  1. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror Ch. 7.2

  2. The National Assembly Reforms France The Rights of Man - Aug. 1789 • National Assembly adopts Declaration of the Rights of Manand of the Citizen • Ended all the special rights the 1st and 2nd Estates enjoyed • Revolutionary leaders use the slogan, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” • For men, not for women A State-Controlled Church • National Assembly seizes church lands, turns clergy into public officials • This action alarms many peasants, who are devout Catholics • Many opposed the Revolution’s reforms

  3. The National Assembly Reforms France Louis Tries to Escape • For months, the assembly worked on plans for a new govn’t • Louis, worried about his future & attempts to escape France • Revolutionaries catch the royal family near Netherlands’ border • Louis and Marie Antoinette are imprisoned The Escape attempt • Made the King and queen more unpopular • Decreased the power of the king • Increased the power of the king’s enemies

  4. Divisions Develop A Limited Monarchy • In September 1791, National Assembly finishes new constitution • A constitutional monarchy is formed in France (for awhile) taking away most of the King’s power • Legislative Assembly—new body created to pass laws (the National Assembly turned over power) Factions Split France • Major problems, including debt, food shortages remain Assembly split into • Radicals – wanted sweeping changes in the way govn’t was run • Moderates – wanted some change in govn’t • Conservatives - wanted a limited monarchy and few changes in govn’t Groups outside of the Assembly wanted influence: • Émigrés—nobles who flee country, want Old Regime back in power (i.e. Nobles) • Sans-culottes (w/o short pants)—lower class (wage earners and small shopkeepers) who want more change from the Revolution and a greater voice in govn’t

  5. War and Execution What caused French people to take extreme measures? Problems with Other Countries • Austrians and Prussians want Louis XVI in charge of France; France declares war France at War • Prussian forces soon threaten to attack Paris, France • The French people thought the King and Queen were planning on helping the enemy • Mob breaks into prisons and released the inmates • killed over 1,000, including many nobles who support king • Pressured by mob, Legislative Assembly deposes the king then dissolves the assembly • National Convention takes office in September, forming French republic

  6. continued War and Execution Jacobins Take Control • Jacobins—radical political organization behind 1792 governmental changes • *The Monarchy was deposed & abolished in Aug. 1792. The Royal Family was imprisioned • Declared Louis XVI a common citizen and tried for treason • After a close vote, Louis XVI is found guilty of treason and beheaded (Jan. 1793) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvNxAVaGtaA • Guillotine—machine designed during the Revolution to behead people • National convention order thousands of people into the army

  7. Robespierre Assumes Control Robespierre Assumes Control Maximilien Robespierre—Jacobin leader rules France for a year • Becomes leader of the Committee for Public Safety, a dictator Reign of Terror (1793 – 1794) —Robespierre’s rule, which includes killing many opponents “enemies of the Rev.” • Thousands die during the Terror, including former allies and Marie Antoinette • 85 percent of those who die during the Terror are middle or lower class

  8. Reign of Terror • Marie Antoinette was convicted of treason executed (Oct. 1793) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls6HiYVkt0M&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

  9. End of the Terror Another Change in Government • In July 1794, Robespierre arrested, executed ending the Reign of Terror • Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radicals • Over 40,000 die Moderate leaders write new constitution • Two-house legislature and five-man Directory restore order New government makes Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies

  10. Whatever Happened to Robespierre? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OglrzNohp3Q

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