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Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote. 1 st division. Life. Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes. Bacteria. Archea. Protist. Fungi. Plants. Animals. Prokaryotes (bacteria and archea) Lack a true nucleus Keep DNA in nucleoids No membrane bound organelles Many are anaerobic

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Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

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  1. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

  2. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote • 1st division Life Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Bacteria Archea Protist Fungi Plants Animals

  3. Prokaryotes (bacteria and archea) Lack a true nucleus Keep DNA in nucleoids No membrane bound organelles Many are anaerobic Do not require O2 Unicellular Prokaryotes

  4. Eukaryotes (protists, plants, fungi, animals) Presence of a nucleus Presence of membrane bound organelles For example Mitochondria to give energy Most are aerobic Require O2 for cellular respiration Most are pluricellular Eukaryotes

  5. Prokaryotes Lack a true nucleus No membrane bound organelles Many are anerobic Unicellular Eukaryotes Presence of a nucleus Has membrane bound organelles Most are aerobic Mostly pluricellular Summary chart

  6. But where do viruses fit in? • Debate over whether viruses are “alive” • A) Non-living arguments 1. Cannot live independently (require a host or remain dormant) 2. Not Cellular • B) Living arguments 1. Contain genetic material (RNA and DNA) 2. Reproduce

  7. Classifying viruses • Classification based on 1. Capsids • Protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus • Spherical • Cylindrical • Crystalline

  8. Classifying viruses • 2. Diseases they cause • Viruses that affect humans are divided into 21 groups based on the differences in their genome and replication methods

  9. Going viral(how viruses replicate) • Virus replication (No cellular division) • 1. The Lytic cycle • Kills host cell • Process • Virus binds to host (attachment) • Injects the genetic material into the host cell (entry) • The host replicates the viral genetic material (replication) • New viral particles are assembled (assembly) • The host cell breaks (lysis) and releases new viral particles (release)

  10. 1. Attachment 2. Entry 3. Replication 4. Assembly 5.a) Lysis 5. b) Release The lytic cycle

  11. Virus replication • 2. the Lysogenic cycle • As the viral RNA becomes part of the cells chromosomes, the onset of disease can be postponed until the virus goes into its lytic cycle • Process • Attachment • Entry • Viral DNA becomes part of the host cell’s chromosomes (provirus formation)

  12. Attachment Entry Provirus Formation The lysogenic cycle

  13. Viral disease • Cyclical symptoms can be explained via the replication method of a virus • E.g cold sores • Appear during the lytic cycle • Disappear during the lysogenic replication cycle

  14. Virus working for us • Virus use in biotechnology • ability to direct the activity of the hosts cell DNA • Addition of a specific gene into the virus • Virus can deliver and force organism to replicate that gene

  15. Prions • Prions • Protein • Do not contain RNA or DNA (not a virus) • Becomes harmful when it changes its molecular shape • Cause several deadly brain diseases • Creutzfeld-Jakob disease • Mad-cow disease in bovine

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