Smart Focus Courses

1. Smart Focus Courses Introduction to Location Based Servicesv7.x

2. Introduction Objectives • An Introduction to RTLS and the Trapeze Solution • Location Technology Definitions • Technologies and Granularity • The LBS Value Proposition • Key Verticals for LBS Solutions • What can be Located ? • Three Ways to Locate Assets • WLAN Location Methods • The Trapeze LA-200 Location Appliance • The Newbury Networks AT320 Tag • Enabling Location-aware Applications • Case Studies • Schiphol Airport • MCA Hospital Alkmaar • LBS Technology Comparison • Planning for LBS • LBS Definitions • LBS Deployment Phases • LBS Deployment Planning • LBS Business Requirements • Mapping the LBS Space • Identifying Locale Boundaries • Planning Location AP Placement • Planning the RF Fingerprint Sites Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 1

3. Find it Fast Real-Time Location Services

4. LBS Introduction Topics • Location Technology Definitions • Technologies and Granularity • The LBS Value Proposition • Key Verticals for LBS Solutions • What can be Located ? • Three Ways to Locate Assets • WLAN Location Methods • The Trapeze LA-200 Location Appliance • The Newbury Networks AT320 Tag • Enabling Location-aware Applications • Case Studies • Schiphol Airport • MCA Hospital Alkmaar • LBS Technology Comparison Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 3

5. Location Technology Definitions (from Wikipedia) • Radio-frequency identification (RFID) “Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the use of an object (typically referred to as an RFID tag) applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader.” • Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) “Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS), are used to track and identify the location of objects in real time using simple, inexpensive nodes (badges/tags) attached to or embedded in objects and devices (readers) that receive the wireless signals from these tags to determine their locations. RTLS typically refers to systems that provide passive (automatic) collection of location information.” • RFID Tags “Most RFID tags contain at least two parts. One is an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency (RF) signal, and other specialized functions. The second is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal. There are generally two types of RFID tags: active RFID tags, which contain a battery and thus can transmit its signal autonomously, and passive RFID tags, which have no battery and require an external source to initiate signal transmission.” Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 4

6. Technologies & Granularities • Almost any RF technology can be used to provide location • Early Navigation systems (e.g. LORAN) used Low Frequency RF (LF), modern system (e.g. GPS) use Ultra High Frequencies (UHF) • Wireless WAN/LAN/PAN systems can also be used to provide location • Many short-range proprietary LF, HF and UHF systems are available I am in Monterey I am at the corner of David Avenue and Cannery Row I am in the Monterey Bay Aquarium on the 1st Floor in the Store I am within 1m of the Checkout Counter Early RF location technologies, e.g. LORAN GPS Cellular TDOA WiMax Wi-Fi Bluetooth RFID Bluetooth UWB ZigBee Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 5

7. The LBS Value Proposition • Track high value assets • Find assets rapidly • Maximize asset utilization • Track and manage assets effectively • Reduce asset inventories • Optimize processes for improved productivity • Improve security by adding location awareness • Track people • Improve patient care • Optimize workflows • Enhance safety and security • Push content based on current location • Location based push/pull applications • Asset Management • Location-based Access Control • Content Push based on location • Workflow Optimization Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 6

8. Key Verticals Healthcare Education Manufacturing Retail Government Public Safety Transportation Hospitality Key Verticals for LBS Solutions • Segments with Opportunity • Healthcare: asset tracking, rogue AP, access control • Education: rogue AP, access control • Manufacturing: asset tracking, rogue AP, access control • Government: asset tracking, rogue AP,access control • Functionality required today • Client location • Asset Tracking • Perimeter Protection • Location-based access control • Emerging applications • Location zone security • E911 for VoWLAN Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 7

9. What can be Located ? • Any Wi-Fi Device • Any client device connected to the WLAN infrastructure can be located on a floor plan • Dedicated Wi-Fi Location Tags • Client-based Tags • Act as a normal Wi-Fi client • Restricted battery life • Clientless Tags • No continuous Wi-Fi association • ‘Chirp’ at intervals to indicate location • Excellent battery life • Proprietary Systems • RFID Tags • Non Wi-Fi RF technology • Battery powered or ‘Exciter’ model (received RF signal provides sufficient power for a chirp) Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 8

10. Three Ways to Locate Assets Simple Presence Detection Real-time Location Monitoring Choke-Point Activity Detection Wheelchair X in the north wing Infusion Pump Y in room 219 Doctor Z has entered the Operating Room Mobility Point Tag Exciter Tag Tag Client Device Client Device Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 9

11. WLAN Location Methods • Connection AP & RSSI (e.g. RingMaster) • Known AP location and client RSSI value gives a distance approximation • Client is somewhere on the RSSI contour • RF obstacles modify the RSSI contour • An assumption must be made about the client’s TX power • Presence solution only, poor location accuracy • Trilateration (e.g. RingMaster) • Known AP locations plus client RSSI value from 3 or more APs gives an accurate, unique location • RF obstacles modify the distance estimations • An assumption must be made about the client’s TX power • Factors affecting the solution quality: • The number of APs seeing the client signal • The geometry of the APs • The quality of the RF model for the floor plan Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 10

12. WLAN Location Methods • Server-side Pattern Matching (LA-200) • A patented method for matching a client to a known location • The pattern of client RSSI seen by multiple APs in a location creates a distinct ‘fingerprint’ • A client that matches the same RSSI pattern is probably at the same location • Client TX power is simply not relevant • No RF model for the floor plan is required • No need to define RF obstacles Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 11

13. Main Office Reception Sales Office Stairwell Measured Client RSSI WLAN Location Methods • Server-side Pattern Matching • The LA-200 uses patented technology to track client device location • Location APs continuously report back RSSI data to the LA-200 • The LA-200 assembles and organizes this data by MAC address and forms a sample • The sample is compared to the available RF Fingerprints in the database to find the best match • Trilateration is used when possible for XY coordinates Best Fingerprint Match Most Probable location Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 12

14. WLAN Location Methods • Server-side Pattern Matching Advantages • RF degradations become location differentiators • Multipath, reflection and occlusions become part of the Fingerprint • Statistical model smoothes out noise • Location reliability • Location Tracking can be done in real-time and in 3 dimensions • Locate a device wherever it is within the coverage area • Excellent discrimination of room/area boundaries • Resolve locations to named areas or XY coordinates • Employs the existing WLAN infrastructure • Already approved for use in many environments (e.g. healthcare) • WLAN tracking works indoors (unlike GPS) • Location information may be delivered directly over the existing data network for use by Location aware applications • Server-side Pattern Matching, what it is NOT • Triangulation/Trilateration: RF degradations downgrade accuracy • Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA): requires precise timing synchronization • Client-side software: extremely difficult to deploy and manage Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 13

15. Trapeze LBS Architecture Diagram SmartPass RF Firewall Device Location Requests (XML/SOAP) Client Authentication Request (MSCHAPv2) Device Location Requests (XML/SOAP) Appliance RF Firewall LA-200 Appliance Trapeze Networks MX Client Authentication Request (EAP/WebAuth) RF Snoop data with Client RSSI Trapeze Networks Location APs Devices to be tracked Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 14

16. The Trapeze LA-200 Location Appliance • Location • Accuracy: 99% (how often is the location value correct) • Precision at boundaries: ±1m (how specific can a location be in size) • Precision in open space: ±3-5m • Latency: 15s><60s (how quickly can the system locate) • Scalability: <1,500devices (how many devices can be tracked) • Monitor IEEE 802.11 devices without special client software • RFID-Tags, WLAN-Telephones, PDAs, Laptops • Collects location data from up to 150 Trapeze and OEM partner APs • Public API for 3rd party and custom LBS applications • 1U Rack-mount hardware appliance Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 15

17. The Trapeze LA-200 Location Appliance SOAP/XML API Developer’s Kit Real-time Dashboard Web-based Administration Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 16

18. The Newbury Networks AT320 Tag • The Newbury Networks’ AT-320 • Is a small, lightweight, power-efficient Wi-Fi enabled active RFID tag that can be attached to assets or carried by people for real-time tracking in Wi-Fi environments • It is a key component of the Newbury Active Asset™ real-time asset tracking solution for providing the most accurate and precise Wi-Fi based location tracking on the market today • Key Features and Benefits • Compact size and light weight in a ruggedized housing with Multiple mounting options • Long battery life with configurable active/passive reporting schemas and ‘low battery’ alerting • Alert Button with configurable alerts • Intelligent motion and temperature sensor status alerts • Over-the-air Tag configuration and management • High accuracy tracking with low Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) • Certified for Global use Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 17

19. Enabling Location-aware Applications • SOAP location API: • API is available on request and allows 3rd Party or custom applications to use the LA-200 location data • Query/Response support for target MAC addresses • Real-time streaming interface • Control of location target list • Newbury Networks Applications: • Active Asset: real-time asset tracking • Digital Docent: Interactive content push • RF Firewall: location-based access control • Tested 3rd Party Application Vendors: • BlueSky Wireless: • Appear Networks: • Ascom: • Netinary: Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 18

20. Case Study – OLV Hospital, Amsterdam • Goal • Allow patient records to be consulted at the bedside • Locate specific patients and medical equipment • Offer free Internet access to patients and their visitors • Increase network availability and flexibility • Solution • Centrally managed Trapeze WLANs on 3 healthcare campuses • 1 x MX-400, 3 x MX-200R, around 440 x MPs, RingMaster and SmartPass software, LA-200 Location Appliance, Newbury Active Asset management software, 500 x Newbury AT-320 Asset Tags Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 19

21. Case Study – Florida Aquarium • Description • The Florida Aquarium occupies more than 250,000 square feet and accommodates about 1 million visitors a year • The intent of the project was to garner more teenage interest in exhibits by tapping into wireless IP-enabled handheld devices • Of equal value of the wireless installation was the staff and vendors’ ability to work unimpaired from any place in the aquarium facility • Solution • Trapeze Networks’ MX-200 WLAN controller, 20 access points and an LA-200 WLAN-based location services solution • Result • A target goal of 500,000 exhibit users are expected to enjoy the aquarium on their smart IP-enabled devices • Vendors and staff have increased efficiency and have already begun paying for ROI Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 20

22. Case Study – MCA Hospital, Alkmaar • Part of largest hospital network in The Netherlands • Goal: • Add Location to the Trapeze WLAN • Customize existing patient information application • Track equipment • Track staff • Future: Deliver services via VoWLAN • Applications: • Appliance API: to add Location to an existing custom application • Active Asset: to track equipment and staff • Requirements: • Integrate with existing custom application • Patient data (and images) pushed to PDA based on the current room • Tag medical equipment • Provide tags to staff • Location features added in less than 2 weeks Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 21

23. LBS Technology Comparison • Trapeze vs. the Cisco Location Appliance • Trapeze is more accurate: average 3-5m precision vs. 5-10m for Cisco • Trapeze is faster: 15 sec shortest latency vs. 60 sec for Cisco • Trapeze needs no extra HW: The Trapeze solution requires APs and the Appliance only vs. Cisco who need exciters/chokepoints to make up for location tracking deficiencies • Trapeze gives lower TCO: The Trapeze solution leverages the existing APs vs. the Cisco approach which requires a costly overlay of exciters/chokepoints Note: Aruba has no dedicated location solution • Competing LBS Vendors • Aeroscout: TDOA and a hybrid Active RFID with a proprietary (and expensive) 125KHz chokepoint solution • The Wi-Fi infrastructure is used to backhaul telemetry data • Basic RSSI Trilateration but rely on Cisco for Wi-Fi position • Ekahau: Client-side RSSI Fingerprints a technology that requires Ekahau client software on the devices to be tracked • Complex calibration that becomes invalid on a change in channel/transmit power of the APs Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 22

24. Location Solution Comparison *Meru OEMs Trapeze’s Newbury brand location solution Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 23

25. Planning for LBS

26. LBS Planning Topics • LBS Definitions • LBS Deployment Phases • Phase 1: Deployment Planning • LBS Deployment Planning • LBS Business Requirements • Map the LBS Space • Identify Locale Boundaries • Plan Location AP Placement • Plan the RF Fingerprint Sites Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 25

27. LBS Definitions • Location AP • A ‘Location AP’ is an Access Point operating in snoop mode sending data to the LA-200 defined as the ‘Observer’ • Types: dedicated or dual-purpose (service providing) • Locale • A ‘Locale’ is a discrete space within the building environs of any convenient size that it is necessary to track mobile devices to • Naming Convention: a naming convention appropriate to the customer site is recommended, e.g. Parking lot, Hanger, Office-1, Lobby • RF Fingerprint • An ‘RF Fingerprint’ is a specific point within a ‘Locale’ where an RSSI pattern has been captured during the ‘Calibration’ process • Density: there MUST be at least 1 RF Fingerprint per Locale, there MAY be multiple RF Fingerprints per Locale • Plan for around 4 Fingerprints per Location AP • Calibration • ‘Calibration’ is the process by which the LA-200 captures RF signature data for ‘RF Fingerprints’ within each ‘Locale’ Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 26

28. LBS Deployment Phases • Deployment Planning • Understanding the LBS requirements and environment • Infrastructure Installation • Physical LAN infrastructure to support Location APs, IP address allocations for the LA-200, DNS entries for the LA-200 • Location AP Installation and Configuration • Dual-purpose APs: capacity/coverage planning in RingMaster • Dedicated Location APs: additional non-service providing APs • RF Snoop configuration • Location Appliance Installation • Initial configuration of the LA-200 to define Locales and RF Fingerprints • Calibration • Measuring and binding RF Fingerprints to Locales • Verification and Testing • Location accuracy, precision and latency • Training • Of the end-user population Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 27

29. Phase 1: Deployment Planning Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 28

30. LBS Deployment Planning • Understand the Business Requirements for LBS • Who ? …is it that requires location data ? • Why ? …is Location important ? • Where ? …is Location important ? • What ? …kinds of devices will be tracked ? • When ? …is Location information required ? • Map the Space • Physical • Topological • Identify Locale Boundaries • Defines location granularity • Plan Location AP Placement • Dual-purpose APs • Dedicated Location APs • Plan the RF Fingerprint Sites • RF Fingerprint Density • Bindings to the Locales Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 29

31. LBS Business Requirements • Determining the business needs • Who ? …is it that requires location data ? • What is the location application (security, asset tracking, content push) ? • How much integration effort will be required ? • Why ? …is Location important ? • What is the location application (security, asset tracking, content push) ? • Are there security, personnel or patient safety implications ? • Where ? …is Location important ? • Everywhere ? • Within specific location hot-zones ? • How far do devices typically move and at what speed ? • What ? …kinds of devices will be tracked ? • Tags only, a subset of wireless devices or all wireless clients ? • What is the required granularity of tracking ? • When ? …is Location information required ? • Continuous tracking ? • Discrete time intervals ? • Are location alerts required ? Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 30

32. Map the LBS Space • Knowledge of the physical environment is essential • Obtain or create floor plans • Ensure the scale of the plans is accurately known Note: the LA-200 Dashboard requires a .jpg, .png or .gif version of the floor plan e.g. the RingMaster floor plan exported via a Work Order • Map the space • AP Placement Points • Dual-purpose AP placement and channel use (this is most accurately planned in RingMaster) • Dedicated Location AP placement to fill in & ensure the required location precision • Locale boundaries • RF Fingerprint sites • Network Topology • The Physical topology • Cabling distances, LA-200 siting • Logical topology • IP subnet configuration, DHCP scopes, DNS Host entries for the LA-200 Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 31

33. Identify Locale Boundaries • Selecting Locale Boundaries • Identify appropriate Locales and name them Note: Locales do not have to be delimited by walls/partitions • The Locale boundaries determine the granularity of tracking • ‘4th Floor’ may be too large a Locale to be useful for tracking • ‘Conference Room – NW Corner’ may introduce extra calibration work • Balance by chunking up similar nearby space, e.g. • ‘4th Floor NW Cubes’ • ‘4th Floor Main Conference Room’ • Create a naming convention to logically identify Locales • Locale definitions may be imported into the LA-200 • XML structured import file • Client Location Tracking • Clients are tracked to the best fit Fingerprint but are reported by the Locale name • The calibrated RF Fingerprints may form the basis of the XY coordinates reported by the LA-200 through the API Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 32

34. Identify Locale Boundaries • Locale Planning Example Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 33

35. Plan Location AP Placement • Dual-purpose APs • APs providing service to client devices can also be used as Location APs • Such dual-purpose APs can only Snoop traffic on their operating channel • Set ‘Active’ or ‘Passive’ scanning to the ‘Operating’ option • If dual-purpose APs are used for location, the effective number of Location APs that will see a particular client will be a subset of those within range of the client, e.g. • For a channel set of 1, 6, 11 the under subscription ratio is 3 (i.e. only every 3rd AP will see the client) Note: when tracking location tags that radiate on all of the in-service channels, all Location APs within range will see the tags • Dedicated Location APs • APs may be dedicated as Location APs (radios in ‘Sentry’ mode) • Dedicated Location APs should be set for ‘Active’ or ‘Passive’ scanning on the ‘Operating’ channel only • Calibration Guidelines • Ideally 8 Location APs should be visible at every Fingerprint location • If necessary add dedicated Location APs to resolve a shortfall Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 34

36. Plan Location AP Placement • Planning Process • Plan for Service first: use RingMaster to compute and place sufficient APs for the required coverage and capacity and to plan channel assignments • Fill in as necessary: add dedicated Location APs to ensure the location precision required especially in areas where location is critical • Refine AP locations: based on the Locale Boundaries, especially in areas where tracking is of heightened importance • Magic Number: 8 Location APs can sense each device • Location AP placement guidelines • Use a minimum off 12 Location APs • Location APs should not be too close to one another • Plan for 1 AP per 2500 – 3,000 sq ft (250 – 300 sq m) • Total the floor area for all floors in the building and divide by 2,500 – 3,000 Note: Location APs work better in 3 Dimensions ! APs on the floors above and below contribute to a stronger location solution • Place Location APs 10 feet (3m) from outside walls or important boundaries • Place Location APs 8-12 feet (2.5-3.5m) off the floor (i.e. ceiling height) • Avoid elevator shafts Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 35

37.  1 2 1 Looks like 1 1 2 1 2  3 4 3 Looks like 1 Plan Location AP Placement • Avoid placing Location APs along a line Note: review AP locations after a ‘Compute & Place’ in RingMaster and adjust as necessary to avoid these situations Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 36

38. 1 2 1 2  3 4 3 4 5 Looks like 1 5 6 Plan Location AP Placement • Avoid placing Location APs along a line Note: review AP locations after a ‘Compute & Place’ in RingMaster and adjust as necessary to avoid these situations Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 37

39. Dual-purpose APs Channel 1 Dedicated Location AP Channel 6 Channel 11 Plan Location AP Placement Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 38

40. Plan the RF Fingerprint Sites • Plan the RF Fingerprint sites • Make an initial Fingerprint plan from the floor plans • There MUST be at least 1 RF Fingerprint per Locale • Revise and rename the plan with feedback from the client • Expect to add Fingerprints on site as required • Use each AP to create an RF Fingerprint Note: it is recommended that all APs be fingerprinted during calibration • RF Fingerprint definitions may be imported into the LA-200 • XML structured import file • On average, expect one RF Fingerprint every 500 sq ft (50 sq m) • Might be less dense for more open spaces • Might be more in critical office space • The RF Fingerprint density controls location granularity • On average, expect to calibrate 40 RF Fingerprints in one hour • Roughly one hour for every 20,000 sq ft (2,000 sq m) • Calibration can be done by more than one person at a time • Calibration requires minimal instruction (interns can do it) Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 39

41. Plan the RF Fingerprint Sites • RF Fingerprint Planning Example Single RF Fingerprint per Locale Multiple RF Fingerprints per Locale Trapeze Networks, A BELDEN Brand | Proprietary and Confidential | 8/14/2014 Slide 40

42. Trapeze Networks Education Services USA: Steven Elliott, Training Manager +1 925 474 2261, selliott@trapezenetworks.com EMEA: Pete Dahl, International Training Manager +31 (0)35 6464 422, pdahl@trapezenetworks.com Gerben Camp, Field Trainer EMEA +31 (0)35 6464 427, gcamp@trapezenetworks.com APAC: Edwin Kin Kwok Lin, Training Manager +852 2117 0172, elin@trapezenetworks.com