Section 1- The Renaissance

1. The Crusades- Series of expeditions from 1000’s-1200’s • Western Europeans (Christians) tried to capture Holy Lands from Muslims • Open trade routes link Europe to southwest Asia, North Africa • Europeans rediscover ideas of ancient Greece, Rome • Interest in ancient world sparks the Renaissance • Cultural era of creativity, learning from 1300’s-1500’s Section 1- The Renaissance

2. Italian City States • Renaissance begins on Italian Peninsula in mid-1300’s • Peninsula is divided into independent city-states • Florence is the center of banking, trade, manufacturing • Cities grow, money comes from commerce not land • A Changing View of the World • Rich build large, luxurious homes, have good food, clothes, jewels, and prosper • Emphasize on education, arts • Rich citizens become patrons (people who support the arts) trying to find the best artists • Artists create religious and historical paintings and portraits

3. Learning and the Arts Flourish • Leonardo da Vinci- famous artist, scientist • Painted the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper • Skilled engineer, scientist, inventor • Fills notebooks full of invention sketches • Had ideas of flying machines, parachutes, submarines • The Northern Renaissance • Renaissance spreads into Northern Europe • Erasmus, a philosopher, makes fun of the church • William Shakespeare- an English playwright in late 1500’s, creates popular plays like Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth

4. The Reformation- Martin Luther • Some Northern Renaissance views conflict with Roman Catholic Church • Leads to the Reformation- 1500’s movement to change church practices • German Monk Martin Luther became disturbed by the church’s wealth, and corruption • He opposes selling of indulgences- forgiving sins for money • In 1517 he attacks the church in 95 theses (statements of belief) • He is excommunicated- cast out of church, goes into hiding.

5. A Conflict Over Religious Beliefs