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EO-1 Mission Continuity FY05 and Beyond

This overview discusses EO-1's status, fuel capacity, sensor capabilities, and future prospects for backfilling Landsat-7 operations. It details onboard triggers, communication infrastructure, and upcoming mission strategies for wildfire monitoring and disaster assessment. Analysis of EO-1's performance and available options to extend its mission beyond 2008 is provided.

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EO-1 Mission Continuity FY05 and Beyond

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  1. EO-1 Mission ContinuityFY05 and Beyond Bryant Cramer Dan Mandl Stu Frye Stephen Ungar David Jacintho Joe Young 4 October 2004

  2. Overview • EO-1 Status • Capabilities of EO-1 for backfilling Landsat-7 • Summary

  3. EO-1 Status • Enough funding on-hand to operate through January 2005 • 3 month de-orbit to follow end of funding • All systems nominal – 11 kg fuel remaining (September 2004) • EO-1 has enough fuel to follow Landsat-7 in formation through September 2005 and remain within de-orbiting guidelines • NASA Orbital Debris Guidelines require < 25 year re-entry • Approx. 2 Kg used per Inclination Burn (delta-I) every October to stay on WRS grid • Possible to continue formation flying within the morning constellation through September 2008 if granted orbital debris waiver • Re-entry maximum 28 years if de-orbit maneuvers begin at the start of FY09 – WAIVER OF 3 YEARS NEEDED

  4. EO-1 Sensor Web • Volcano Tilt meters, Kilauea, Mauna Loa • USGS Hawaii volcano observatory Rapid deflation is eruption precursor: alert generated Fire rehabilitation Fuel map EO-1 responds to triggers and has onboard triggers for snow, water, ice, land, thermal and clouds Ground: MOPSS: Mission Operations Planning and Scheduling System(GSFC) SGM: Science Goal monitor(GSFC) ASPEN: Planning & scheduling (JPL) EPOS: Cloud screening (Draper) • MODIS (Terra and Aqua) used to detect hot spots for fires, volcanoes. Also, used for flood detection • MODVOLC • RapidFire • Dartmouth Flood Observatory On-board: ASE: Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (JPL) Livingstone (Ames) – Onboard diagnostic tool flood Volcano eruption detection & assessment Communication infrastructure: Cellular based architecture for spacecraft using phased array antennas (GSFC,GRC,Ga Tech, Univ. of Colorado) GOES used for cloud screening near real-time Ice breakup Users Triggers Onboard & Ground Tools

  5. Piru/Simi/Verdale MODIS Old/Padua ALI MODIS ALI MASTER Landsat 5 Cedar/Paradise SPOT AirDAS Applying Horizontal Sensor Data Fusion for Southern California Wildfire Monitoring • Assets used: • EO-1 • SPOT • Aqua & Terra (MODIS) • Terra (ASTER) • Landsat 5 • MASTER • Aircraft (ER-2) based MODIS & ASTER • AirDas • Airborne Infrared Disaster Assessment System

  6. EO-1 Prospects for FY05 • Competing desires for EO-1 • Hyperspectral community related to homeland security • Testbed activities • Fill in for Landsat (option explored in following slides) • Commercial sales revenue show continuing downward trend • Slack support for hyperspectral research and applications work • No long term commitment to fly EO-1 • NRO funding (if any) will probably be tied to science and product development work, not image acquisitions • Implies no direct funding for continued operations • NOAA funding available for image acquisitions, but no image requests are being made by NOAA scientists due to slack support for hyperspectral research and applications work • No NGA support for operations funding anticipated • Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE) and volcano sensor web activities to be wrapped up by February with no new follow-on activities anticipated

  7. Lifetime Data Analysis Summary • All systems fully functional after essentially 4 years on-orbit • Single failure has been ALI solar calibration aperture door • Infant mortalities are all behind us – looking now at long term wear-out/ radiation dosage effects • All life-limiting components have been analyzed by GSFC engineering and spacecraft manufacturer • No indicators of degradation have been observed • Based on Solar Array trend data, operations should remain power positive through 2008 before PSE parameter changes and/or operations scenarios would be affected • Radiation tolerance limits for components reached after September 2008 We anticipate that fuel limitations will end the mission in Sept 2008

  8. Options to Backfill for Landsat-7 • One option is to maximize ALI imaging to support L-7 data needs (e.g., smaller swath size data orders) • ALI swath-width 37Km…ETM+ swath width 185Km • Reduce Hyperion/AC imaging to enable the maximum ALI acquisitions • Reduce or eliminate testbed activities • Two techniques are available • Yaw steering in nadir non-pointing mode • Captures one-fifth of L-7 path (long-duration images) • 15 WRS rows can be recorded (WARP 48 Gbits capacity) • Downlink at polar stations on successive orbits • Pointing to fill in selected targets (current mode) • Constrained to 2-3 rows due to band-to-band alignment issue • Can acquire 25-30 pointing scenes per day (185Km length)

  9. Options (continued) • In nadir yaw steering mode • Periodically shift satellite nadir track to cover L-7 swath in 5 passes • Can do table loads to point at different nadir track for period of time • Includes splitting coverage so that nadir track could overlap edge of adjacent path to the flight path • It would take 80 days to capture most of the continental U.S. (16 cycle days x 5 ALI swaths per path) • Useable data will be reduced by clouds and available downlink bandwidth • Combinations of operating modes possible • Yaw steering mode for a few orbits • Pointing mode for the rest of the day • One strategy is to select tasking requests to match highly requested paid customer orders to the degree possible (see blue squares on next slide next slide)

  10. Supporting Landsat-7 • Users ordering data through EDC have concentrated on the continental U.S. and a limited number of selected sites elsewhere • A substantial number of L-7 users don’t use the full 185Km swath width • ALI has only a 37Km swath width • Using ALI to systematically replicate the full swath width of L-7 is probably not an efficient use of EO-1 • We seek to define an ALI acquisition strategy that efficiently uses EO-1 to satisfy the largest number of EDC L-7 users by restricting collects to the Continental U.S. and selected targets overseas of special interest to the EDC user community

  11. Charts show count of L-7 paid orders from the EDC archive for L-7 full swath WRS data for last two years (courtesy USGS) (Note: does not include data orders directly downlinked to internationals) ALI can gather most of blue squares every 80 days, but cannot fulfill all requirements for global coverage refresh rate defined in Landsat Long Term Plan EO-1 cannot perform International Ground Station Direct broadcasts

  12. ALI Coverage of CONUS 80 Day Repeat Cycle

  13. Landsat Supplemental Upgrades • Flight and ground software upgrades to enable Landsat supplemental support • Handling large ALI files on-board (GSFC 3-4 months) • Switching between nadir yaw steering and pointing modes (USGS TBS months) • Flight Dynamics orbit data products (GSFC 3-4 months) • Ortho-rectified ALI level-1 processing code (USGS TBS months) • Upgrade to user friendly interface (USGS TBS months) • Cost shown in budget spreadsheet beginning in FY05 (back up slide)-Timing for when/if to implement upgrades needs discussion • Not all of the USGS cost impacts are in the spreadsheet • Increased service requirements to be negotiated with Ground Network management • USGS agreement will need revision

  14. Financial Status • GSFC Operations = $3.8M per year plus USGS $285K augmentation • Revenue for GSFC Operations currently supplied by NRO, NGA, NOAA, ST-6, and Volcano Sensor Web demo (to be completed by Feb 05) • New costs of $805K incurred during FY04 for full cost coverage • $626K full-cost coverage received from HQ Aug 04 (Code Y-258 funds) • Funding on-hand sufficient to continue through January 2005 • Additional $1.06M needed for de-orbit being held by NMP - De-orbit duration 3 months including preparation time – burns accomplished in last 5 weeks • USGS/EDC costs = $1.2M per year • NASA contributed $0 in FY02, $110K in FY03 and $240K in FY04 • EDC FY04 shortfall ($305K) due to lowered scene price (lost $120K since January 2004 price reduction for imagery from $500 to $250 per scene) and increased bulk customer servicing costs • USGS projects that FY05 costs will be $1.6 million • USGS is requesting an additional $720K/year if Landsat backfill option requires additional processing as described herein

  15. Summary • EO-1 is fully functional after 4 years on-orbit • Hydrazine will be depleted at the end of September 2008 • With a 3-year Waiver against the 25-year re-entry requirement the mission can be extended to the end of September 2008 • Life-Limiting components should work through September 2008 • EO-1 can usefully backfill Landsat-7 through September 2008: • Provide missing data • Image specific targets • Undertake full coverage of U.S. on an 80-day cycle • The total cost to do this is about $6M/year minus whatever revenue comes from outside sources

  16. Summary • Supporting Landsat-7 is likely a fulltime job and may well compromise continued exploitation of unique EO-1 capabilities as well as future EO-1 revenue potential • Intensively supporting Landsat-7 may be in the best interest of maintaining Landsat Data Continuity • We need to decide by December 2004

  17. Back up

  18. Short-term Budget Spreadsheet(Depletion of Existing Funding - $K)

  19. EO-1 Operations Cost Projection ($K) Notes: (1) Costs do not reflect de-orbit costs of 1060K at end of mission (2) Assumes that GN and SN continue to provide passes at no cost to project as in first 4 years of Ops (3) FY01 was a partial year since launch occurred Nov 2000 (4) For this exercise, we did not make assumptions for total $’s income from bulk customers (5) FY 05 is funded to about January 2005, therefore to complete FY 05 only requires approximately $2738K

  20. EO-1 Instrument Overviews Landsat 7 EO-1 EO-1 Parameters ETM+ ALI HYPERION AC * Spectral Range 0.4 - 2.4 µm 0.4 - 2.4 µm 0.4 - 2.5 µm 0.9 - 1.6 µm Spatial Resolution 30 m 30 m 30 m 250 m Swath Width 185 Km 37 Km 7.7 Km 185 Km Spectral Resolution Variable Variable 10 nm ** 3 - 9 nm Spectral Coverage Discrete Discrete Continuous Continuous Pan Band Resolution 15 m 10 m N/A N/A Number of Bands 7 10 220 256 * Excludes thermal channel ** 35/55 cm-1 constant resolution

  21. Comparing ALI to Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 * ETM+ Pan band GSD is 15m but IFOV is 18m

  22. Differences between ALI/ETM+ • Band-to-band spatial alignment procedures (yaw steering compensations) may be made compatible with the Landsat product by resampling, but work needs to be done to develop algorithms • Center wavelength (spectral) differences need work too • The NIR band split on ALI (band 4 and 4’) can be re-combined by post processing • Spectral responses of other bands on ALI differ from those of ETM+ • Level-0 ALI data may need to be degraded to match ETM+ • ALI data has better S/N and higher order quantization (12-bit radiometric resolution versus 8-bit ETM+)

  23. EO-1 and Landsat 7Descending Orbit Ground Tracks EO-1 ALI EO-1 Atmospheric Corrector EO-1 Hyperion Landsat 7 ETM+ Landsat 7 ETM+ N (7.7 KM) (37 KM) (185 KM)

  24. EO-1 Off-Nadir and Landsat 7Descending Orbit Ground Tracks EO-1 ALI EO-1 Atmospheric Corrector EO-1 Hyperion Landsat 7 ETM+ N

  25. ALI Data Product Work To-Date • Stitched together Level 1G developed by EDC uses EO-1 GPS telemetry to calculate lat/lon metadata • Used by wildfire Burn Area Emergency Rehab map teams • Additional work on co-registration with ortho-rectified Landsat product on-going • Experimented with ALI to fill-in L-7 fringe data (abandoned) • EO-1 is taking islands and coastlines for L-7 supplemental • 78 different sites/128 images captured • ALI Image Assessment System development cross-support

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