Al- Najah univercity Nursing college

1. Al-Najahunivercity Nursing college Endomatritits Prepared by : HamzaKHaroof

2. Objective • Learning the defintion and causes • Learning the risk factor and symptoms • Identify the test uses • Study how treatment and privention • Learning complication

3. Out line • Difenetion • causes • Risk factor • Symptoms • Exam and test • Treatment • Prognoses • Complication • prevention

4. Difention Endometritis is an inflammation or irritation of the lining of the uterus (the endometrium).

5. Causes • Endometritis is caused by infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, or mixtures of normal vaginal bacteria. • Endometritis usually results from an ascending infection from the lower genital tract. • Endometritis is more likely to occur after childbirth, miscarriage, or placement of an intrauterine device (IUD). • Any surgical procedure that enters the uterus through the cervix will increase the risk of developing endometritis. • Endometritis can occur at the same time as other pelvic infections such as acute cervicitis, and many sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

6. causes • From a pathologic perspective, endometritis can be classified as acute versus chronic. • Acute endometritisis characterized by the presence of neutrophils within the endometrial glands. • Chronic endometritisis characterized by the presence of plasma cells and lymphocytes within the endometrial stroma.

7. Risk factors • Caesarean section • Prolonged rupture of membranes • Long labour with multiple examinations • Manual removal of placenta • Mother's age at extremes of reproductive span • Low socioeconomic status, e.g. home delivery in poor hygiene environment • Maternal anaemia • Prolonged surgery • Internal fetal monitoring • General anaesthetic

8. Symptoms • Abdominal distention • Abnormal vaginal bleeding • Abnormal vaginal discharge • Increased amount • Unusual color, consistency, or odor • Discomfort with bowel movement (constipation may occur) • Fever (ranging from 100 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit) • General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) • Lower abdominal or pelvic pain (uterine pain)

9. Exams and Tests • The health care provider will perform a physical exam and a pelvic exam. • The lower abdomen may be tender. • Bowel sounds may be decreased. • A pelvic exam may cause the uterus and cervix to feel tender. There may be cervical discharge. • The following tests may be performed: • Cultures from the cervix for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and other organisms • Endometrial biopsy • ESR (sedimentation rate) • Laparoscopy • WBC (white blood count)

10. Treatment • Treatment with antibiotics is important to prevent complications of endometritis. • Complicated cases (those occurring after childbirth, or involving severe symptoms) may require the patient to be admitted to a hospital. Intravenous (in the vein) antibiotics are usually needed, followed by antibiotics taken by mouth. • Rest and hydration are important. • Treatment for sexual partner(s), when appropriate, and the use of condoms throughout the course of treatment, are essential.

11. Outlook (Prognosis) • Most cases of endometritis go away with antibiotics. • Untreated endometritis can lead to more serious infection and complications with pelvic organs, reproduction, and general health

12. Possible Complications • Infertility • Pelvic peritonitis (generalized pelvic infection) • Pelvic or uterine abscess formation • Septicemia • Septic shock

13. Prevention Endometritis caused by sexually transmitted infections can be prevented by: • Early diagnosis and complete treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in yourself and all sexual partners • "Safer" sexual practices • The risk of endometritis is reduced by the careful, sterile techniques used by appropriate providers in performing deliveries, abortions, IUD insertions • If you've been prescribed antibiotics following a procedure, it is very important to finish all the medication and follow up with your health care provider.

14. abstract • Adolescents appear to have a high incidence of endometritis after cesarean section for reasons that are currently unknown. To better understand this issue, 204 adolescents, aged 14 to 19, and 751 adults were studied following cesarean section. • Antibiotics were administered intravenously to all patients immediately after the infant's umbilical cord was clamped. When infection was diagnosed, evaluation of endometrial biopsies and blood samples was undertaken. • Results showed that the rate of endometritis was 23 percent among adolescents, but only 11 percent for adults. Certain microorganisms, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Gardnerellavaginalis, were isolated more frequently from adolescents than from adults • The high incidence of post-cesarean endometritis suggests that it should be considered a complication of teenage pregnancy. Whether the organisms isolated from these adolescents play a role in endometritis is not known; • however, in pregnant adolescents, screening for G. vaginalis and C. trachomatis should be performed prior to delivery. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.) Learning

15. Any Questions ??

16. Referances • Medical surgical text book • http://wikipedia.org