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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Concepts of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness. Disaster. Disaster — an event in which illness or injuries exceed resource capabilities of a community or medical facility: Violence Illness outbreaks Severe weather Earthquakes Avalanches Fire.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Concepts of Emergency and Disaster Preparedness

  2. Disaster • Disaster—an event in which illness or injuries exceed resource capabilities of a community or medical facility: • Violence • Illness outbreaks • Severe weather • Earthquakes • Avalanches • Fire

  3. Multi-Casualty Events and Mass Casualty Events • Multi-Casualty Event—can be managed by a hospital using local resources. • Mass Casualty Event—local medical capabilities are overwhelmed and may require the collaboration of multiple agencies and health care facilities to handle the crisis.

  4. Hurricane Katrina

  5. Impact of Recent Disasters • Events of September 11, 2001 • HAZMAT training • Emergency preparedness

  6. Emergency Preparedness and Response

  7. Emergency Preparedness and Response (Cont’d) • In mass casualty or disaster situations, a military form of triage is implemented with the overall goal of doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people. • Safety concerns for providers in the field.

  8. Disaster Triage Tag System • Red Tag—emergent (class I) patients • Yellow Tag—patients who can wait a short time for care (class II) • Green Tag—nonurgent or “walking wounded” (class III) • Black Tag—patients who are expected to die or are dead (class IV)

  9. Notification and Activation of Emergency Preparedness Plans • Radio or cellular communication between the ED and EMS providers at the scene • Media broadcast message via radio, television, or electronic announcements • DMAT team

  10. Hospital Incident Command System • Common organizational model for disaster management • Roles formally structured under the hospital or long-term care facility incident commander with clear lines of authority and accountability for specific resources • Emergency Operations Center or Command Center • Hospital incident commander • Medical command physician • Triage officer

  11. Role of Nursing in Hospital Incident Command System • Meet patient needs • Personal emergency preparedness plan • Personal readiness supplies or “go bag”

  12. Basic Supplies for Personal Preparedness (3-Day Supply)

  13. Event Resolution • Debriefing: • Critical incident stress debriefing • Administrative review • Psychosocial response of survivors to mass casualty events

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