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The Skeletal System 2

The Skeletal System 2. The Appendicular Skeleton. The Appendicular Skeleton. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle. Composed of two bones These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle. Bones of the Upper Limb.

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The Skeletal System 2

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  1. The Skeletal System 2

  2. The Appendicular Skeleton

  3. The Appendicular Skeleton

  4. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle • Composed of two bones • These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

  5. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle

  6. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle

  7. Bones of the Upper Limb • The arm is formed by a single bone

  8. Bones of the Upper Limb • The forearm has two bones Figure 5.21c

  9. Bones of the Upper Limb • The hand

  10. Hip bones • Composed of three pair of fused bones • Protects several organs • Reproductive organs, Urinary bladder, Part of the large intestine Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

  11. The Pelvis Figure 5.23a

  12. Gender Differences of the Pelvis

  13. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The thigh has one bone

  14. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The leg has two bones

  15. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The foot

  16. Arches of the Foot • Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches Figure 5.26

  17. Articulations of bones • Functions of joints • Ways joints are classified • Functionally • Structurally Joints

  18. Structural Classification of Joints Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints

  19. Bones united by fibrous tissue • Examples • Sutures • Syndesmoses • Example: distal end of tibia and fibula Fibrous Joints

  20. Slide 5.47 Cartilaginous Joints • Examples • Pubic symphysis • Intervertebral joints

  21. Synovial Joints • Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity

  22. Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule • Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid • Ligaments reinforce the joint Features of Synovial Joints

  23. Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint • Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs • Not actually part of the joint • Tendon sheath • Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

  24. The Synovial Joint

  25. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape

  26. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape

  27. Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints • Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction • Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon sheaths • Arthritis – inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints • Over 100 different types

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