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Chapter 7-1

Chapter 7-1. Isotopes and Radioactive Decay. Radioactive Isotopes. Radioactive Carbon is called C-14 stable Carbon is called C -12 Radioactive Potassium is called K-40 stable Potassium is called K – 39 Radioactive Iron is called Fe – 59 stable Iron is called Fe - 56.

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Chapter 7-1

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  1. Chapter 7-1 Isotopes and Radioactive Decay

  2. Radioactive Isotopes • Radioactive Carbon is called C-14 • stable Carbon is called C -12 • Radioactive Potassium is called K-40 • stable Potassium is called K – 39 • Radioactive Iron is called Fe – 59 • stable Iron is called Fe - 56

  3. Isotopes of Potassium • Isotopes are elements of the same kind, that have a different number of NEUTRONS

  4. Radioactive Fe - 59

  5. Isotopes of Carbon

  6. Discovery of RadiationR.B.C. (1900’s) German: Roentgen – said that if electrons are sent at certain rocks, then a mysterious substance was emitted (called x-rays) that blackened photographic film! French: Becquerel – said you don’t need the electron gun! Certain rocks naturally emit the mysterious rays naturally! Polish: Currie – said that the source of “radiation” energy was coming from the nucleus of the Uranium atom…. the decaying nucleus was somehow changing! discovered “polonium” and “radium”

  7. Detecting Radiation Geiger Counter

  8. Decay of a Uranium Nucleus

  9. Atomic Number / Mass Number

  10. Rutherford identifies the radiation emitted from radioactive sources • Positive alpha particles were attracted to the negative plate. • Negative beta particles were attracted to the positive plate. • Neutral gamma rays did not move towards any plate.

  11. Radioactivity Facts

  12. Alpha, Beta, Gamma

  13. Penetrating Power by Radioactive Particles Alpha Particles Beta Particles Gamma Particles

  14. Alpha Decay • Alpha particles are essentially the same as helium atoms. • Alpha particles are represented by the symbols • Alpha particles are slow. Paper will stop an alpha particle.

  15. Beta Decay A beta particle is an electron and is negatively charged Iodine-131 releases a beta particle and becomes xenon-131. A neutron has turned into a proton and a released electron.

  16. Gamma Decay • Gamma radiation has no charge and no mass • It takes thick blocks of lead or concrete to stop gamma rays

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